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SLOVAK 



(SLAVISH) 



SELF-TAUGHT 



BY 



S. Moravek 




BRATSTVO PRINT 
W1LKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA 
1917 



T&5» ,:> 



(At 



COPYRIGHT 

1917 

— BY — 

S. MORlVEK 



JUL 13 



®e?U467S45 
/ , 



PREFACE 



This SLOVAK SELF-TAUGHT is for the 
Americans who are almost daily in touch with the 
Slovaks (incorrectly called Slavish people) and want 
to know as much of the Slovak language as may 
greatly assist them in their business or profession. 

Part I, II and IV will answer this purpose. 

Part III will serve as a good Slovak gram- 
mar for anyone wishing to study the language. 

S. Mordvek. 



List of Abbreviations 



Stands for accusative — vinitel' 

adjective — pridavne mono 

adverb — prislovko 

augmentative — zvacsovacie 

Comparative — srovnavatel' 

conjuction — spojka 

dative — davatel' 

dialectical — narecove 

diminutive — zmensovacie 

exempli gratia (for example) — na priklad 

feminine — zensky rod 

genitive — roditel' 

id est (that is) — t. j. (to jest) 

instrumental — nastrojnik 

literally — doslovne 

locative — miestnik 

masculine — muzsky rod 

nominative — menovatel' 

neuter — stredny rod 

plural — minozne cislo 

preposition — predlozka 

substantive, noun — podstatne meno 

vocative — volatel' 

verb — sloveso 

reflexive verb — zvratne sloveso. 



Slovak Alphabet 



There are 44 Slovak letters and three "foreign" letters used in 
the Slovak language. 

The Slovak letters are : a, a, a, a, b, c, c, d, d', dz, dz, e, e, f, g, h, 
en, i, i, y, f, j, k, 1, 1', i, m, n, n, o, 6, 6, p, r, f , s, s, t, t', u, u, v, z, z. 

Besides these we use the three foreign letters: q, x, w. 

The names of the letters are omitted. One should remember that 
to learn to speak to read or to write Slovak it is not necessary to 
know the names y^oj- the letters, but it is really necessary to KNOW 
THE SOUND OF THE SLOVAK LETTERS. 

THE SOUND OF THE LETTERS 

1. In speaking or reading always give the Slovak vowel the same 
sound. 

2. The sound of consonant changes about the same way as it 
does in English. 

It is slightly modified only when it would be difficult to pro- 
nounce it as it should be. This means that in speaking easily and 
fluently one NATURALLY changes some sounds of the consonants 
especially when there are two or more of them together. Thus the 
sound of d may get the sound of t, that of b the sound of p, s the 
sound of z, k the sound of g or vice versa. Yet one should hold on 
to the original sound of the consonants as long as it is not really hard 
to pronounce the word as it should be. 

3. Always read every letter in the Slovak language. 

a sounds as u in humbug, mud, hut or as the first a in the word mama. 

a sounds as a in arm, are, far. 

a sounds as a in hat, can, have. 

a sounds as a in ask, past, last. (This letter is used very seldom.) 

e sounds as e in get, met, end. 

e sounds as the first e in ere, there, where. 

i sounds as i in ill, hit, bit. 

i sounds as i in machine, police, pique or the ee in meet, beet, feel. 

y sounds the same as i (in ill, hit, bit) and is called "ypsilon". 

y sounds the same as i (in machine, police etc.). 

o sounds as o in obey, oil, moist. 

6 sounds as o in Lord, boy, toy. 



— 3 — 

6 sounds as wo in won't. It is composed of u and o and the u is 
given a shorter pronunciation than that of the o, so that some- 
times this 6 sounds almost as if it were the long 6. 

u sounds as u in put, pull, push. 

u sounds as u in rude, rumor, rural. 

4.— WHEN THERE IS NO MARK OVER THE LETTER IT 
MEANS THAT THE SOUND OF THE LETTER IS SHORT. 

5.— A DASH O OVER THE LETTER (VOWEL OR CON- 
SONANT) INDICATES THAT THE SOUND OF THE LETTER IS 
LONG, i. e. it is held longer than the short one without, however, 
changing the sound — only prolonging it. Note these well : a, a, a, a, 
e, e, e, e, i, i, i, i, y, y, y, f, o, o, 6, 6, u, u, u, u, (a, a, a, a, — seldom 
used) 1, 1, 1, I, r, r, f, f. Compare the marked letters with those un- 
marked, pronounce aloud and note the difference. If one cannot (or 
imagines he cannot) get it, have anyone who knows Slovak read it. 
b sounds as b in English (bet, bit, ball), 
c sounds always as ts (in bits, its, hits), 
c sounds as ch in English (charity, church, chat). 
d sounds as d in English (dad, did, deed). 
d' sounds as d in due, duty, dew (it is a composition of the Slovak 

letters d and j). 
dz sounds as d and z almost simultaniously pronounced, yet keeping 
one letter distinct from the other. Trying to pronounce — DZAY 
— one gets the sound of dz. 
dz sounds as j in English (John, judge, joke), 
f sounds as f in English (if, full, fill). 
g sounds always as g in great, God, get (never as g in germ, gin, 

German), 
h sounds as h in English (hard, hit, hat). 

CH sounds always as no letter in English. It sounds the same as 
the German — ch — in the word "acht" or as the — ch — in Greek,. 
Latin, Magyar, Russian, Bohemian. As this is no doubt the most 
difficult letter to pronounce for an American; have it pronounced 
for yourself by some good Slovak, German or Bohemian. The clo- 
sest sound to the Slovak CH would be — kh — giving the k a soft, 
gentle sound and the h its proper sound. Pronounce for yourself 
or others the following : ach, och, uch, ich ! This is easily mastered 
and retained. 
j sounds always as y in yet, you, yes. (Never as j in John, judge, joke), 
k sounds as k. in stick, book, neck. 
1 sounds as 1 in English (lot, let, life). 



I' sounds as the Spanish 11 (letter composed of the Slovak 1 and j-lj-) 

or the 11 in million, billiard or as 1 in lewd. 
1 sounds as 1, but longer. It sounds as if there were two or three Is. 
m sounds as m in English, 
n sounds as n in English, 
n sounds as n in Spanish and also as the Italian or French gn when 

this is followed by i or e. It is the same sound as that of n in news, 

nude, neuter, 
p sounds as p in English. 

r sounds as r in never, ever, run (not so soft as in English). 
f sounds as r, only longer as if there were two or more of them. 
s sounds as s in English, 
s sounds as sh in English (she, shall, shell). 
t sounds as t in English (tip, top, tell), 
t sounds as t in tune, tulip, Tuesday. 
v sounds as v in English (vacation, voice, vessel). 
z sounds as z in English (zest, zeal zero). 
z sounds as s in the words: pleasure, measure, treasure or as the 

French — j. 

The three foreign : q, x, w are given the same sound they have 
in English. 

DIPHTONGS 

The diphtongs are: ia, ie, iu, ou, 6 (uo). The first three are to 
be read as the Slovak : ja, je, ju (the j having the sound of y as in yet). 
The ou sounds as the long English o in no. The 6 sounds as wo in 
won't. 

ACCENT 

The accent is always on the first syllable (except poems, where 
it is on the first, third, fifth syllable). 

There are two exceptions : 1. if a noun (noun is a name of any- 
thing) is preceded by a monosyllabic preposition, this preposition 
gets the accent and not the noun; 2. but if this preposition consists 
of one letter only, then both the preposition and the noun get the 
accent. 

THE CONSONANTS D, T, L, N 

Bear in mind that the consonants d, t, 1, n are softened when 
followed by e, i, i. Consequently de, te, le, ne, di, ti, li, ni, di, ti, li, 
ni is pronounced as d'e, te, l'e, ne, d'i, t'i, Fi, ni, d'i, t'i, Ti, ni — although 
it should never be written as such. 



— 5 — 

In three cases the hard or the English sound of d, t, 1, n is re- 
tained, namely: 1) in words taken into Slovak from another lan- 
guage, as in: idea, telefon, termin, Terezia etc.; 2) in adjectives thus 
ending in the plural nominative case, as in: pekni l'udia (nice people), 
mali chlapci (small boys), sbiti chlapi (beaten men) etc.; 3) in: ten, 
tento, teraz (now), tedy, vtedy, jeden (one) and in the words derived 
from these. 

NOTE. Instead of the soft "d?" one often hears the incorrect 
"dz M as for: "kde" one hears "kdze". 

SELDOM USED LETTERS 

The seldom used letters in Slovak are : a, 6, 6, 1, f , f and the three 
foreign : q, x, w. 

PRONOUNCIATION OF WORDS 

The English pronounciation of words will be found in paranthesis. 
Remember, however, all that was said about the sounds of the Slo- 
vak letters. These are to be retained even in the parenthesis as to 
the short vowels. 

All other letters will be marked as follows : 

The long a, a, e, 6 will be marked in capitals thus : A, A, E, 0. 

The long i and y will be marked as ee. 

The long u will be marked as oo. 

The 6 will be marked as WO. 

The long 1 and f will be marked as L and R. 

The Slovak j will always be marked as capital Y. This Y is to be 
given the same sound as it has in : yet, yes. 

The c will be marked as small ch, giving this ch its English 
sounds, (as in cheap). 

The d' will be marked as dY. This gives the Slovak d' the proper 
sound. 

The T will be marked as 1Y. This gives the Slovak 1 the proper 
sound. 

The n will be marked as nY. This gives the Slovak n the proper 
sound. 

The £ will be marked as tY. This gives the Slovak t the proper 
sound. 



— 6 

The dz will be marked as j. This has the same sound as the Slo- 
vak dz. 

The s will be marked as sh. This has the same sound as the Slo- 
vak s. 

The z will be marked as zY. Give this zY the sound of s from 
the words : pleasure, measure. 

The ch will be marked as capital X. This sound of ch (X) should 
be learned from hearing it spoken by a Slovak or German. 

After these rules have been studied there should be no difficulty 
in reading anything in Slovak. At first one should read slowly, 
speed will come by practice. 

KULE. Children of sixteen years or less are addressed and spok- 
en to in the second person singular. Besides children this form is 
used in addressing intimate friends and in addressing God. This 
would correspondent to the German method (du bist, du hast) or the 
Quakers (thou art, thou hast). 

The second person plural, as in English, is used in all other cases. 
One should remember that there are some Slovaks who use the third 
person plural in speaking to others. This is done the same way as 
it is done in German and in fact this is a German form which is not 
correct in Slovak and is not used in the literary Slovak language. 

The children as a rule know enough English and this is the reason 
why the conversational form with them will be omitted from Part II. 
It will be found in the grammar or Part III. while studying grammar. 
One will therefore find in Part II. the forms of conversation and ex- 
pressions made up for grown up persons of both sexes ; the male per- 
sons are given preference. 



-D*C— *r~ 



Part II 



English 
Yes 

No 

Yes, sir 
No, madam 



EASY EXPRESSIONS 

Slovak 
Ano, hej 
Nie 

Ano, prosim 
Nie, prosim 



Pronunciation 

(Ano, hey) 

(nYYe) 

(Ano, proseem) 

(nYYe, proseem) 



NOTE : To " ano ' ' and ' ' nie " instead of the English sir, madam 
etc. "prosim" (please) is added in the Slovak language. 



Are you a Slovak? 
Are you a Slovak? 

(to a female) 
Do you speak English? 
Do you speak Slovak? 
A little 
Very well 

Do you understand? 
I do not understand 
What do you want? 



Ste Slovak? 
SteSlovenka? 

Hovorite anglicky? 

Hovorite slovensky? 

Malo 

Vel'mi dobre 

Rozumiete ? 

Nerozumiem 

Co chcete? 



(stYe slovAk) 
(stYe slovenka) 

(hovoreetYe anglitski) 

(hovoreetYe slovenski) 

(mAlo) 

(velYmi dobre) 

(rozumYetYe) 

( nYer ozumYem ) 

(cho XtsetYe) 



NOTE: Instead of this correct "co" (what) one often hears 
"co" (tso) which is used in some dialects and which is correct to say 
both in Polish and Bohemian. 



Nothing 

Give me — 

Give me some bread 

Give me some water 

Give me something to 

Sir? 

Madam ? 

What do you say? 

What did you say? 

How do you do ? 

How are you ? 

Who? What? 

I am glad of it 

Sir! 

It is a pity 

Please send me — 



Nie 

Dajte mi — 
Dajte mi chleba 
Dajte mi vody 
eat Dajte mi jest' 
Prosim ? 
Prosim ? 
Co hovorite? 
Co ste hovorili ? 
Jako sa mate ? 
Jako sa mate ? 
Kto?Co? 
Tesi ma to 
Pane! 

To je skoda 
Prosim,. poslite mi - 



(nYich) 

(daYtYe mi — ) 
(daYtYe mi XlYeba) 
(daYtYe mi vodi) 
(daYtYe mi YestY) 
(proseem) 
(proseem) 
(cho hovoreetYe) 
(cho stYe hovorili) 
(Yako sa mAtYe) 
(Yako sa mAtYe) 
(kto, cho) 
(tYeshee ma to) 
(panYe) 
(to Ye shkoda) 
(proseem, poshlYitYe mi-) 



— 8 — 



Please tell me 
Please tell him 
Please tell her 
Please tell them 
Thank you 
Thanks ! 
Pardon me 
Never mind ! 
Good morning 
Good day 
Good evening 
Good night 
You are welcome 
Good-bye ! 
Mr. Black 
Mrs. White 
Miss Sweet 
Excuse me 
Come here 
What is it? 
How much ? 
How many? 
That is too much 
You are right 
I think not 
I do not believe 
I will show it to you 
All right 
Try it 

Can you read? 
Can you write ? 
Have you — ? 
What can you do ? 
Speak louder 
Speak slower 
Call-him 
Do you hear? 
What do you 

call it in Slovak 
Do you not know? 
Do you know Mr. N. ? 
What do you wish? 
What is it good for? 



Prosim, povedzte mi 
Prosim, povedzte mu 
Prosim, povedzte jej 
Prosim, povedzte im 
Dakujem 
Vd'aka ! 
Odpust'te 
To nic ! 
Dobre rano 
Dobry den 
Dobry vecer 
Dobru noc 
Vd'acne 
S Bohom 
Pan Black 
Pani White 
Slecna Sweet 
Odpust'te 
Pod'te sem 
Co je to? 
Kol'ko? 
Kol'ko? 
To je privel'a 
Mate pravdu 
Nemyslim 
Neverim 
Ukazem vam to 
Dobre 

Sprobujte to 
Znate citat? 
Znate pisat'? 
Mate — ? 
Co znate robin 
Hovorte hlasnejsie 
Hovorte pomalsie 
Zavolajte-ho 
Pocujete? 
Ako sa to vola 
po slovensky 
Neznate? 
Znate pana N.? 
Co si prajete? 
Na co je to? 



proseem, povedztYemi-) 
proseem, povedztYe mu) 
proseem, povedztYe Ye Y 
proseem, povedztYe im) 
dYakuYem) 
VdYaka) 
(odpustYtYe) 
to nYich) 
dobrE rAno) 
dobree dYenY) 
dobree vecher) 
dobroo nots) 
vdYachnYe) 
z bohom) 
pAn bilk) 
(panYi hwaYt) 
Slechna sweet) 
odpustYtYe) 
podYtYe sem) 
cho Ye to) 
kolYko) 
kolYko) 
to Ye privelYa) 
mAtYe pravdu) 
nYemisleem) 
nYevereem) 
ukAzYem vAm to) 
dobre) 

sprobuYtYe to) 
znAtYe cheetatY) 
znAtYe peesatY) 
mAtYe) 

cho znAtYe robitY) 
hovortYe hla sn Ye Ysh Ye ) 
hovortYe pomalshYe) 
zavolaYtYe ho) 
pochuYetYe) 
ako sa to volA 
po slovenski) 
liYeznAtYe) 
znAtYe pAna N) 
cho si praYetYe) 
nacho Ye to) 



— 9 



Who told you so ? 
Is it true ? 

What is your name ? 
What is your name ? 
Where do you live? 
Will you do it 

for me? 
What is to be done ? 
Do you like it ? 
What else? 
What did you ask for 
When? 
Is it possible ? 
What is your trade ? 



Kto yam to povedal ? 

Je to pravda ? 

Jako sa volate ? 

Jako vam meno ? 

Kde byvate? 

Urobite 
mi to? 

Co robin 

Liibi sa vam to ? 

Co este? 
?Co ste pytali? 

Kedy? 

Je to mozne? 
. Co je vasim remeslom 



I want it Chcem to 

I do not want it Neehcem to 

What yo you mean? Comyslite? 
What are you doing ? Co robite ? 
What for? Naco? 

Why? Preeo? 

What is he doing? Co robi? 
What is she doing ? Co robi ? 
Is it ready ? Je to hotove ? 

Where is it? Kde je to? 

How? (By what Jako? (Jako) ? 

means?) 
What is the news ? Co noveho ? 
Where are you going ?Kam idete? 
Is it good? Je to dobre? 

It is bad 
Will you do it? 
How old are you? 
How old are you? 
How old are you? 
I know — it 
I promise it to you 
I assure you 
It is all the same 
Everybody knows it 
I must go 
You are mistaken 



To je zle 
Urobite to ? 
Jak ste stary 
Jak ste stara (f.) 
Kol'ko vam je rokov? 
Znam — to 
Sl'ubujem vam to 
Uist'ujem vas 
To je vsetko jedno 
Kazdy to zna 
Musim ist' 
Mylite sa 



(kto vAm to povedal) 
(Ye to pravda) 
(Yako sa volAtYe) 
(Yako vAm meno) 
(kdYe beevatYe) 
(urobeetYe 

mi to) 
(cho robitY) 
(lYoobi sa vAm to) 
(cho eshtYe) 
(cho stYe peetali) 
(kedi) 

(Ye to mozYnE) 
?(cho Ye vasheem 

remeslom) 
(Xtsem to) 
(nYeXtsem to) 
(cho misleetYe) 
(cho robeetYe) 
(nacho) 
(precho) 
(cho robee) 
(cho robee) 
(Ye to hotovE) 
(kdYe Ye to) 
(Yako) 

(cho novEho) 
(kam idYetYe) 
(Ye to dobrE) 
(to Ye zlE) 
(rrobeetYe to) 
(Yak stYe staree) 
(Yak stYe star A) 
(kolYko vAm Ye rokov) 
(znAm — to) 
(slYubuYem vAm to) 
(uistYuYem vAs) 
(to Ye vshetko Yedno) 
(kazYdee to znA) 
(museem eestY) 
(meelYitYe sa) 



(you are making a mistake) 



10 — 



I have nothing Nic nemam 

He (she) is not here Nie je tu 

Go ! Chod'te ! 

Go out ! Chod'te von ! 

Let us go ! Pod'me ! 

Silence Ticho 

No smoking Nevol'no fajcit' 

Smoking not allowed Nevolno fajcit' 



Keep still 
Wait a little 
Bring me — 
Make haste 
Sit down ! 
Follow me 
Pay! 
Take it 
Enough ! 
Work ! 
Look out! 
Come in! 



Bud'te ticho 
Cakajte trochu 
Doneste mi 
Ponahl'ajte sa 
Sadnite ! 
Pod'te za mnou 
Platte 
Vezmite to 
Dost' ! 
Robte ! 
Pozor ! 
Vol'no ! 



(when answering knocking at door) 



Come in 

Go home 

You are discharged 

You are discharged 

Get up ! 

Change cars! 

All aboard! 

No spitting 

Hurry up 

Stop! 

Shut up ! 

Forward 

With pleasure 



Pod'te dnu 
Chod'te domov 
Ste prepusteny 
Ste prepustena-f. 
Vstante ! 
Presadat' ! 
Sadat' ! 

Pl'ut' zakazano 
Rychle 
Stojte ! 
Mlcte ! 
Napred ! 
Vd'acne 



(nYich nYemAm) 

(nYYe Ye tu) 

(XodYtYe) 

(XodYtYe von) 

(podYme) 

(tYiXo) 

(nYevolYno faYchitY) 

(nYevolYno faYchitY) 

(budYtYe tYiXo) 

(chakaYtYe troXu) 

(donYestYe mi) 

(ponAMYaYtYe sa) 

(sadnYitYe) 

(podYtYe za mnou) 

(platYtYe) 

(vezmitYe to) 

(dostY) 

(robtYe) 

(pozor) 

(volYno) 

(podYtYe dnu) 

(XodYtYe domov) 

(stYe prepustYenee) 

(stYe prepustYenA) 

(vstanYtYe) 

(presadatY) 

(sadatY) 

(plYutY zakAzano) 

(reeXlYe) 

(stoYtYe) 

(mrlchtYe) 

(napred) 

(vdYachnYe) 



What time is it? 
It is twelwe o'clock 



EXPRESSIONS OF TIME 



Kol'ko je hodin? 
Je dvanasf hodin 



It is half past twelve Je pol jednej 
It is exactly one o'clock Je prave jedna 
It \s two o 'clock Su dve hodiny 



(kolYko Ye hodYeen) 
(Ye dvanAstY ho- 
dYeen) 

(Ye pol^ YedneY) 
(Ye prAve Yedna) 
(soo dve hodYini) 



11 — 



It is a quarter of three Je tri stvrte na tretiu 



All day 
All night 
Last evening 
Not long ago 
About an hour ago 
To-day 
To-morrow 
Until morning 
Until midnight 
During the night 
In the morning 
At noon 
All the time 
Yesterday 
How long have 
you been in America 
One year 
In a minute 
Immediately 
It is fifteen after one 



Cely den 

Celu noe 

Vcera vecer 

Pred nedavnom 

Asi pred hodinou 

Dnes 

Zajtra 

Do rana 

Do polnoci 

V noci 

Rano 

Na poludnie 

Cely cas 

Vcera 

Jak dlho 

ste v Amerike 
Rok 
Hned' 
Zaraz 
Ja patnast' po jednej 



It is quarter after one Je stvrt' na druhu 
At half past one pol druhej 



(Ye tri shtvrtYe na 

tretYYu) 
(tselee dYenY) 
(tseloo nots) 
(vchera vecher) 
(pred nYedAvnom) 
(asi pred hodYinou) 
(dnYes) 
(zaYtra) 
(do rAna) 
(do polnotsi) 
(v notsi) 
(rAno) 

(na poludnYYe) 
(tselee chas) 
(vchera) 
(Yak dlho stYe 

v amerike) 
(rok) 
(hnYedY) 
(zaraz) 
(Ye pAtnAstY po 

YedneY) 
(Ye shtvrtY na 

druhoo) 
(o pol druheY) 



NOTE that one cannot make a translation according to the En- 
glish here because he has to compute the time in a different way. 
This counts with regard to the quarters and halves. As to the minutes 
of time one may go according to the English mode. Instead of taking 
the hours past the Slovaks take those that are just coming — when 
speaking of quarters and halves. Illustrations: Instead of the En- 
glish — quarter after — the Slovak says quarter to — (the next 
hour) ; instead of — half past — in Slovak one says half of (the next 
hour) ; instead of quarter of — in Slovak one says — three quar- 
ters of. 



ON THE STREET 

What are you look- Co hl'adate? 

ing for ? 
I am looking for the Hl'adam postu 

Post Office 



(cho MYadAtYe) 
(hlYadAm poshtu) 



— 12 



Where may I get 

a car to — 
On fourth street 
He lives at number 

four 
It is about five mi- 
nutes walk 
I am going to — 
Go two blocks, you 
will get a car there 

Is this car for? 
Can you tell me — 
where ... is ? 
It is down town 
On the right 
On the left 
Straight ahead 
Does Mr. N. live here 
He moved away 
He left this place 



Kde mozem dostat 

karu do — 
Na stvrtej ulici 
Byva pod cislom 

stvrtym 
Je to asi pat minut 

chodze 
Idem do — 
Chod'te dva bloky, 

tarn dostanete karu 

Ide tato kara do — 
Mozte mi povedat, 

kde je . . . ? 
To je dolu v meste 
Na pravo 
Na l'avo 
Prosto vpred 
Ci tu byva pan N. ? 
Odst'ahoval sa 
Odisiel odtiafto 



Have you the address ? Mate adressu ? 
Come along Pod'te so mnou 

I will show you where Ukazem vam kde 



Are you looking for 

somebody? 
He lives over there 
Ask the policeman 



Hradate dakoho? 

On byva tamto 
Spytajte sa policmana 



He will tell you On vam povie 

Which way do you go to Kade ist' do — 
Where is the Slovak Kde je slovensky 
church ? kostol ? 



(kdYe mW^OzYem do- 
st atY kAru do — ) 

(na shtvrteY ulitsi) 

(beeva pod cheeslom 
shtvrteem) 

(Ye to asi pAtY mi- 
noot XWOdze) 

(idYem do — ) 

(XodYtYe dva bloki, 
tarn dostanYetYe 
kAru) 

(id Ye tAto kAra do) 

(mWOzYtYe mi pove- 
datY, kdYe Ye...) 

(to Ye dolu v mestYe) 

(na pravo) 

(na lYavo) 

(prosto vpred) 

(chi tu beeva pAn N) 

(odstYahoval sa) 

(odishYel odtYYalY- 
to) 

(mAtYe adressu) 

(podYtYe so mnou) 

(ukAzYem vim 
kdYe) 

(hlYadltYe dakoho) 

(on beeva tamto) 
(speetaYtYe sa polic- 
mana) 
(on vim povYe) 
(kadYe eestY do—) 
(kdYe Ye slovenskee 
kostol) 



ON THE STREET CAR 



This car goes to — 
You will get off at 

third street 
This is not your car 



Tato kara ide do — 
Sosadnete na tretej 

ulici 
Toto nie je vasa kara 



(tAto kAra idYe do -) 
zosadnYetYe na tre- 

tYeY ulitsi) 
(toto nYYe Ye washa 

kAra) 



— 13 — 



Where do you want to 

get off? 
Pay your fare ! 
How much is it ? 
Have you some change ? 
I will tell you where 

to get off 
Get off here 
This is your station 
Wait! 
Take care 
Do not be in a hurry 

The car goes to — 

every five minutes 
Change cars at. . . 
Transfer ! 



Where do you want to 

go? 
I want to go to 

Pittsburgh 
There is the ticket 

office 
Where is the waiting 

room? 
There is the smoking 

room 
This is for ladies 
Do you want a ticket 

to Cleveland? 
It costs you three dol 

lars and fifty cents 
It is not enough 
You have to pay more 

One way ? 

On which train? 

The train leaves 

You are late 

The next train leaves 



Kde chcete sosadnut' ? 

Plat'te povozne ! 
Kol'ko je to ? 
Mate drobne ? 
Poviem vam kde 
mate sosadnut' 
Tu sosadnite 
Vasa stanica 
Pockajte ! 
Dajte pozor 
Neponahl'ajte sa 

Kara tarn ide 

kazdych pat' miniit 
Presadnite v . . . 
Transfer ! 

FOR THE RAILWAY 

Kam chcete ist? 

Che em ist' do 

Pittsburghu 
Tarn je kassa 

Kde je cakalna? 

Tarn je fajciaren 

Toto je pre damy 
Chcete listok 

do Clevelandu? 
To vas stoji tri dol- 

lare a pol 
To nie je dost 
Musite platit viae 

Jednu cestu? 
Na ktory vlak ? 
Vlak odchodi 
Prisli ste neskoro 
Najblzisi vlak odchodi 



(kdYe XtsetYe zo- 

sadnootY) 
(platYtYe povoznE) 
(kolYko Ye to) 
(mAtYe drobnE) 
(povYem vAm kdYe 
mAtYe zosadnootY) 
(tu zosadnYitYe) 
(vasha stanYitsa) 
(pochkaYtYe) 
(daYtYe pozor) 
(nYeponAhlYaYtYe 

sa) 
(kAra tarn idYe kazY- 

deeX patY minoot) 
(presadnYitYe v. . .) 
(transfer) 



(kam XtsetYe eestY) 

(Xtsem eestY do 

pittsburgu) 
(tarn Ye kassa) 

(kdYe YechakAlnYa) 

(tarn Ye faYchYa- 

renY) 
(toto Ye pre dAmi) 
(XtsetYe leestok do 

klevelandu) 
(to vAs stoYee tri 

dollAre a pol) 
(to nYYe Ye dostY) 
(museetYe platYitY 

vYats) 
(Yednu tsestu) 
(na ktoree vlak) 
(vlak odXodYee) 
(prishli stYenYeskoro 
(naYblizYshee vlak 

odXodYee) 



— u — 



That is a through train To je vlak direktny 

There is the baggage Tarn je miestnost' pre 

room batozimi 

I want to have my Chcem oddat' (ceko- 

baggage checked vat) svoju batozimi 

Take the satchel with Vezmite tasku sebou 



you 
Here is your check. 

Keep it. 

Do not lose it 
Tickets, please! 
You will get off at the 

next stop 
You are in the wrong 
train 
Get off at the next 

stop and take the 

train to — 
Here we are 



Tu mate svoj cek. 

Podrzte si to. 
Neztrat'te to 
Listky, prosim! 
Sosadnite na najbliz- 

sej stanici 
Ste na zlom vlaku 

Sosadnite na najblizsej 
stanici a vezmite 
vlak do — 

Uz sme tu 



(to Ye vlak direktnee) 
(tarn Ye mYestnostY 

pre batozYinu) 
(Xtsem oddatY -che- 
kovatY - svoYu ba- 
tozYinu) 
(vezmitYe tashku 

sebou) 
(tu mAtYesvoY check. 

podrzYtYe si ho) 
(nYeztrtYtYe to) 
(leestki, proseem) 
(zosadnYetYe na naY- 
blizYsheY stanYitsi) 
(stYe na zlom vlaku) 

(zosadnYitYe na naY- 
blizYsheY stanYitsi a 
vezmitYe vlak do -) 

uzY sme tu) 



AT THE POST OFFICE 

How long will the Post Dokedy bude posta 

Office be open? otvorena? 

Until six o'clock Do siestej hodiny 

The Post Office opens Posta sa otvara rano 

at seven in the o siedmej 

morning 
Anything for Mr. N.? Nieco pre pana N? 
There is a package for Je tu pre neho paklik 

iiim here 
Yes, one letter Ano, jeden list 

NOTE. "List" (letter) in some Slav languages is called "pismo" 
(writing). 

Chcete stemple? (XtsetYe shtemplYe) 



(dokedi budYe poshta 

otvorenA) 
(doshYesteYhodYini) 
(poshta sa otvAra rA- 

no o sYedmeY) 

( nYYecho pre p Ana N ) 
(Ye tu pre nYeho pak- 

leek) 
(Ano, Yeden list) 



Do you want some 

stamps ? 
What kind? 
Two cent stamps? 

One cent stamps? 

How many? 



Jake? (YakE) 

Dvoj cento ve stemDle (dvoYtsentovE 

shtemplYe) 
Jednocentove stemple (YednotsentovE 

shtemplYe) 
Kol'ko? (kolYko) 



15 



Do you want some po- Chcete dopisnice ? 

stal cards? 
I want a registry 

stamp 
Do you want it regi- 
stered ? 
Do you want it sent 

away? 
Do you want it sent 

by Parcel Post 
There is a newspaper Mate tu noviny 

here for you 
Do you want a Post 

Office box? 
We have none 



Chcem registrovy 

stempeP 
Chcete to mat' regi- 

strovane ? 
chcete to prec poslat'? 

Chcete to poslat' bali- 
kovou postou 



Chcete postovu boxu? 
Nemame ziadnej 



Jako vam meno ? 
Chcete tu mat' peniaze 
v sporitel'ni? 



(XtsetYe dopisnYitse) 

(Xtsem registrovee 

shtempelY) 
(XtsetYe to matY 

registrovanE) 
(XtsetYe to prech 

poslatY) 
(XtsetYe to poslatY 

baleekovou poshtou) 
(mAtYe tu novini) 

(XtsetYe poshtovoo 

boxu) 
(nYemAme zYYad- 

neY) 
(Yako vim meno) 
(XtsetYe tu matY pe- 

nYYaze v spori 

tYelYnYi) 
(tu sa popeeshetYe) 



(napeeshtYe to sAm) 



money 



What is your name? 

Do you want to have 
some savings ac- 
count here ? 

Write down your na- Tu sa podpiste 
me here 

Write it yourself Napiste to sam 

Here is a Money Order Tu mate " money 
for you order" 

NOTE. Instead of "penaznu poukazku (penYazYnoo poukAzku) 
the Slovaks in U. S. usually say the English " Money Order". 

Fill it out yourself — Vyplnte to sam 
Wait for your money Cakajte na svoje pe- 
niaze 
We cannot help it Nemozeme za to 
Speak slow and plain Hovorte pomaly a cisto 



(tu mAtYe 
order") 



Have you a letter there? Mate tarn list? 



You have to get some- 
one whom we kuow, 
otherwise we cannot 
give you the letter 
(the money) 

It is for rent 



Musite mat' dakoho ko- 
ho pozname, inak ne- 
mozeme vam dat' ten 
list (peniaze) 

Je to na najom 



(viplnYtYe to sAm) 
(chakaYtYe na svoYe 

penYYaze) 
(nYemWOzYeme za to 
(hovortYe pomali a 

chisto) 
(mAtYe tarn list) 
(museetYe matY dako- 
ho koho poznAme, 
inak nYemWOzYe- 
me vim datY ten 
list (penYYaze)) 
(Ye to nAYom) 



say 



NOTE. 

"rent". 



Instead of "najom" the Slovak people in U. S. usually 



— 16 — 



For sale 
Buy 

Come with someone 
who knows English 



Do you want some 

work? 
I want some work 
Do you want to work ? 
What can you do ? 
What are you? 
Are you a miner? 

Did you ever work in 

a mine? 
Did you work in a 

factory? 
Did you work in a 

mill? 
Do you work in a steel 

mill? 
Did he work in a tin 

mill? 
Does he work on a 

farm? 
Did she work in a store? 
Are you a painter? 
No, I am a baker 
J am a good tailor 



Na predaj 
Kupte 

Prijdite s dakym, kto 
zna anglicky 

WORK 

Chcete dajaku pracu? 

Chcem pracu 
Chcete robin 
Co znate robit'? 
Co ste? 
Ste banik 

("majner")? 
Ci ste uz robili 

v 'majne'? 
Robili ste vo fabrike? 

Robili ste v mlyne 

(fabrike) ? 
Robite v oceliarni? 

Robil v bfachovni? 

Robi na farme? 

Robila v "store"? 
Ste maliar? 
Nie, ja som pekar 
Ja som dobry krajcir 



She is a good cook Ona je dobra kucharka 



He is a good cook 
He is an agent 
Come later 

Go to the foreman 

Do your work 
Is he our friend or 
enemy? 



On je dobry kuchar 
On je agent 
Prijdite neskorej 

Chod'te ku "forma- 

novi" 
Robte svoju robotu 
Je nas priatel alebo 

nepriatel'? 



(na predaY) 
(kooptYe) 

(priYdYitYe s dakeem, 
kto znA anglitski) 



(XtsetYe daYakoo 

prAtsu) 
(Xtsem prAtsu) 
(XtsetYe robitY) 
(cho znltYe robitY) 
(cho st Ye) 
(stYe banYeek — 

"maYner") 
(chi stYe uzY robili 

v maYnYe) 
(robili stYe vo 

fabrike) 
(robili stYe v mlinYe 

— (fabrike) — ) 
(robeetYe v otse- 

lYarnYi) 
(robil v blYaXovnYi) 

(robee na farme) 

(robila v shtOre) 
(stYe malYYar) 
(nYYe, Ya so pekAr) 
(Ya som dobree kraY- 

cheer) 
(ona Ye dobrA 

kuXArka) 
( on Ye dobree kuXAr ) 
(on Ye agent) 
(priYdYitYe 

nYeskoreY) 
(XodYtYe ku 

forma no vi 
( r obt Ye s vo Yu rob ot u ) 
(Ye nAsh pYatYelY 
alYebo nYeprYatelY) 



— 17 — 



Run away! 
Run out ! 
Accident 
Come to-morrow 
Come to work 

in the morning 
You will get two 

dollars a day 
You must be sober 

It is dangerous work 

Safety first 

Don't smoke 
Help him 
He is injured 
He wants some 

compensation 
Your wages are — 
How long have you 

been working here? 
You are dismissed 
You don't know 

how to do it 
Are you a union man? 
Is he a socialist? 
Where do you live ? 
The men want their 

wages raised 
Do you think they 

deserve it? 
No, but they want it 

Are they going to 

strike ? 
Tell them it is illegal 

Work fast 
Quit work 
Strikebreaker 
It is well 
It is well done 



Bezte prec ! 

Bezte von! 

Nehoda 

Prijdite zajtra 

Prijdite do prace rano 

Dostanete dva dollare 

na den 
Musite byt' striezlivy 

To je nebezpecna 

praca 
Bezpecnost' 

nadovsetko 
Nefajcite 
Pomozte mu 
Je raneny 
Chce nahradu 

Vas plat je — 
Jak dlho tu robite ? 

Ste prepusteny 
Neznate ako to robit' 

Ste v unii? 
Je on socialista? 
Kde byvate 
Robotnici chcti podvy- 

sku place 
My slit e, ze ju 

zasluzia ? 
Nie, ale ju chcti 

Ci idu na "strajk" 

(stavku) 
Povedzte im, ze je to 

nezakonite 
Robte rychle 
Nechte pracu 
Stavkolamac 
To je dobre 
To je dobre 



(bezYtYe prech) 
(bezYtYe von) 
(nYehoda) 

(priYdYitYe zaYtra) 
(priYdYitYe do prA- 

tse rAno) 
(dostanYetYe dva dol- 

LAre na dYenY) 
(museetYe bitY 

strYezlivee) 
(to Ye nYebezpechnA 

prAtsa) 
(bezpechnostY 

nadovshetko) 
(nYefaYchitYe) 
(pomWOzYtYe mu) 
(Ye ranYenee) 
(Xtse nAhradu) 

(vlsh plat Ye) 
(Yak dlho turobeetYe) 

(stYe prepustYenee) 
(nYeznAtYe ako to 

robit Y) 
(stYe v uni-i) 
(Ye on sotsialista) 
(kdYe beevatYe) 
(robotnYeetsi Xtsoo 

podveeshku plAtse) 
(misleetYe, zYe Yu 

zasloozYYa) 
(nYYe, alYe Yu 

Xtsoo) 
(chi idoo na ^straYk" 

— (stivku)) 
(povedztYe, zYe Ye to 

nYezlkonYitE) 
(robtYe reeXlYe) 
(nYeXtYe prltsu) 
(stAvkolamach) 
(to Ye dobre) 
(to Ye dobre) 



18 



You are not right 
The work is stopped 



Nemate pravdu 
Praca je zastavena 



When will they begin Kedy zacnu robit'? 

to work ? 
He was killed in work Bol zabity v praci 
Are you looking for Hl'adate pracu ? 

work ? 
He is working On robi 

Mend it — Opravte to 

Lend me Pozicajte mi 

IN THE HOTEL 

Je tu nejaky dobry 

hotel? 
Ano, mozte tarn dostat' 

dobru izbu 
Chcete veceru? 

Tu je vas ucet 
Idete spat'? 
Posluha vam ukaze 

vasu izbu 
Kedy chcete vstat'? 

siestej rano 

Kol'ko som vam dlzen ? 



Is there a good hotel 

here? 
Yes, you may get a 

good room there 
Do you want some 

supper ? 
Here is your bill 
Are you going to bed? 
The waiter will take 

you to your room 
When do you want to 

get up ? 
At six in the morning 
How much do I owe 

you? 



Breakfast is served 

Come to breakfast 

Do you drink tea 

or coffee? 
Here is some bread 
Will you have an egg? 
Hard or soft? 

Bring some more 
Pass the butter 



AT BREAKFAST 

Ranajky su hotove 

Pod'te raiiajkovat? 

Pijete caj abo kavu 

Tu je chlieb 
Chcete vajco? 
Na tvrdo ako na 

makko? 
Doneste este 
Podajte maslo 



(nYemAtYe pravdu) 
(prAtsa Ye zastaye- 

nl) 
(kedi zachnoo robitY) 

(bol zabitee v prAtsi) 
(hlYadltYe prAtsu) 

(on robee) 
(opravtYe to) 
(pozYichaYtYe mi -) 



(Ye to nYeYakee 

dobree hotel) 
(Ano, mWOzYtYetam 
dostatY dobroo izbu) 
(XtsetYe vecheru) 

(tu Ye vAsh oochet) 
(idYetYe spatY) 
(posluha vAm ukA- 

zYe vashu izbu) 
(kedi XtsetYe vstatY) 

(o shYesteY rAno) 
(kolYko som vAm 
dlzYen) 



(ranYaYki soo hoto- 

vE) 
(podYtYe ranYaYko- 

vatY) 
(piYetYe chaY abo 

kAvu) 
(tuYeXlYYeb) 
(XtsetYe vaYtso) 
(na tvrdo abo na 

mAkko) 
(donYestYe echtYe) 
(podaYtYe maslo) 



19 



Give him the salt 
Give her the spoon 
This knife is dull 



Have you ordered 

dinner ? 
Show me the bill of 

fare 
Dinner is served 
What soup will you 

have? 
Will wou have some 

soup? 
No, thank you 
Do you want some 

potatoes? 
Give me some bread 
I want some meat 
Bring me a clean fork 

Glass of water 
Bottle of beer 

Give me a cup of milk 
Are you ready? 

Will you have some 

supper ? 
Do you want some 

cakes ? 
I want to pay for my 

supper 
All right, sir 

Are you tired? 
Are you tired? 
Are you sleepy? 
Are you sleepy? 
I am not 

I wish to go to bed 
Good night 



Dajte mu sol' 
Dajte jej lyzku 
Tento noz je tupy 

AT DINNER 

Objednali ste obed? 

Ukazte mi jedalny 

listok 
Obed je hotovy 
Jaku polievku chcete ? 

Chcete polievky 

Nie, d'akujem 
Chcete zemiaky? 

Dajte mi chleba 
Chcem masa 
Doneste mi cistti 

vidlicku 
Pohar vody 
Flaska piva 

Dajte mi sialku mlieka 
Ste hotovy? 

AT SUPPER 
Budete vecerat'? 

Chcete kolaciky? 

Chcem platit' za veceru 

Dobre, pane 
IN THE EVENING 

Ste ustaty? 
Ste ustata? 
Ste ospaly? 
Ste ospala? 
Nie som 
Chcem ist' spat' 
Dobru noc 



(daYtYe mu silY) 
(daYtYe YeY lizYku) 
(tento nWOzY Ye 
tupee) 

(obYednali stYe obed) 

(ukazYtYe mi YedAl- 

ni leestok) 
(obed Ye hotovee) 
(Yakoo polYevku 

XtsetYe) 
(XtsetYe polYevki) 

(nYYe, dYakuYem) 
(XtsetYe zemYaki) 

(daYtYe mi XlYeba) 
(Xtsem mAsa) 
(donYestYe mi chi- 

stoo vidlichku) 
(pohAr vodi) 
(flYashka piva) 
(daYtYe mi shYalku 

mlYYeka) 
(stYe hotovee) 

(budYetYe veche- 

ratY) 
(XtsetYe kollchiki) 

(Xtsem platYitY za 

vecheru) 
(dobre, panYe) 

(stYe ustatee) 
f. (stYe ustatA) 
(stYe ospalee) 
f. (stYe ospalA) 
(nYYe som) 
(Xtsem eestY spatY) 
(dobroo nots) 



— 20 — 



I want a steampship- 

ticket 
Where do you want 

to go to? 
To Europe 
To England, France 

or Germany? 
To Austro-Hungary 
To what city? 
To Vienna 
Your ship leaves at — 

First class cabin 
Second class cabin 
Let us go on the deck 
Where is the dining 

room? 
Where is my room ? 
Your birth is under 

number . . 
I am seasick 

The sea is rough 

The sea is calm 

We are to be at Fish- 
guard on the third 
of this month 

Ask the steward 



STEAMSHIP 

Chcem sifkartu 

Kam chcete ist? 

Do Europy 

Do Anglie, Francie 

abo Nemecka ? 
Do Rakusko-Uhorska 
Do jakeho mesta? 
Do Viedne 
Vasa lod' odchodi o — 

Prva trieda 
Druha trieda 
Pod'me na palubu 
Kde je jedalna? 

Kde je moja izba? 
Vase miesto je pod 

cislom . . 
Mam morsku nemoc 

More je burlive 

More je tiche 

Mame byt vo Fish- 
guard tretieho tohto 
mesiaca 

Spytajte sa posluhu 



Is your name on it ? Je na torn vase meno ? 



You will find your 
luggage at the 
custom-house 

Open this trunk! 

Is there any tobacco 
in it? 

All right. Thank yon. 



Najdete svoju batozi- 
nu v mytnici 

Otvorte tento kufor! 
Je v nom nejaky ta- 

bak? 
Dobre. Dakujem. 



(Xtsem sheefkartu) 

(kam XtsetYe eestY) 

(do europi) 

(do anglie, frantsie 

abo nYemetska) 
(do rakoosko-uhorska) 
(do YakEho mesta) 
(do vYednYe) 
(vasha lodY odXo- 

dYee o) 
(prvA trYeda) 
(druhA trYeda) 
(podYme na palubu) 
(kdYe Ye YedAlnYa) 

(kdYe Ye moYa izba) 
(vashe mYesto Ye pod 

cheeslom . . ) 
(mAm morskoo nYe- 

mots) 
(more Ye boorlivE) 
(more Ye tYiXE) 
(mime bitY vo " Fish- 
guard" tretYYeho 
tohto mesYatsa) 
(speetaYtYe sa poslu- 
hu) 
(Ye na torn vashe 

meno) 
(naYdYetYe svoYu 
batozYinu v meet- 
nYitsi) 
( otvortYe tento kufor) 
(Ye v nYom nYeYa- 

kee tabak) 
(dobre. dYakuYem) 



21 — 



WITH THE CONTRACTOR 



I want to build a house 
What house, brick 

or frame? 
Have you the plans 

already ? 
And the specifications ? 
Would you make them 

for me? 
Just tell me what you 

want 
Cellar under the whole 

house 
And that is to be 

cemented 
Pipes for drainage of 

water 
Pipes for gas 
Wiring for electric 

lights 
Some large windows 

Laundry in the cellar 
and a heating system 

How many rooms ? 
How many bedrooms? 
Kitchen and pantry 

How wide? 

How long? 

How high? 

Have you the building 
license ? 

I want to have bids on 
the work 

The house will costs 
you about four thou- 
sand dollars . . 

When are we to begin 
the work? 

As soon as you can 



Chcem stavat' dom 
Jaky dom, tehlovy 

alebo dreveny? 
Mate uz plany? 

A specif ikacie ? 
Zrobili by ste mi ich? 

Len mi povedzte, 

co ehcete 
Pivnicu pod cely dom 

A ta ma byt' cemento- 

vana 
Rury na odtok vody 

Rury na gaz 

Drotovanie na elektri- 
cke svetla 

Niekol'ko vel'kych 
okien 

Pral'nu v pivnici a sy- 
stem na zohrievanie 
domu 

Kol'ko izieb? 

Kol'ko spalni? 

Kuchyiiu a potravnu 

Jak siroke? 

Jak dlhe? 

Jak vysoke? 

Mate dovolenie sta- 
vat'? 

Chcem mat' ' ' bidy ' ' na 
tu pracu 

Dom vas bude stat' 
asi styritisic dolla- 
rov 

Kedy mame zacat? 
pracu? 

Jak skoro len mozete 



(Xtsem stavatY dom) 
( Yakee dom, tYehlovee 

alYebo drevenee) 
(mAte uzY plAni) 

(a spetsifikAtsYe) 
(zrobili bi stYe mi iX) 

(lYen mi povedztYe 

cho XtsetYe) 
(pivnYitsu pod tselee 

dom) 
(a tA mi bitY tsemen- 

tovanA) 
(roori na odtok vodi) 

(roori na gAz) 
(drOtovanYYe na 

elektritskE svetlA) 
(nYYekolYko velY- 

keeX okYen) 
(prAlnYu v pivnYitsi 
a sistem na zohrYeva- 

nYYe domu) 
(kolYko izieb) 
(kolYko spAlnYee) 
(kuXinYu a potrav- 

nYu) 
(Yak shirokE) 
(Yak dlhE) 
(Yak visokE) 
(mAtYe dovolenYYe 

stavatY) 
(Xtsem matY "bidi" 

na too prAtsu) 
(domvAsbudYe stAtY 

asi shtiritYiseets 

dollArov) 
(kedi mAme zashatY 

prAtsu) 
(Yak skoro lYen 

mWOzYetYe) 



— 22 — 



How about the pay- 
ment? 

One-half when the 
house will be under 
roof, the other when 
the work is accepted 
as finished 

We shall have to sign 
a contract for it 

Do you want some 
repairs ? 

I want my roof re- 
paired 

Is it a slate roof ? 

I want some large 

boards 
How thick? 
How many feet long ? 



Jako s platenim? 

Polovicu jak bude 
dom pod strechou, a 
druhu jak bude pra- 
ca prijata a skon- 
cena 

Musime na to podpisatf 
kontrakt 

Chcete nejaku opravu? 

Chcem mat' strechu 

opravenu 
Jetobridlivoca ("slej- 

tova") strecha? 
Chcem dakol'ko vel'- 

kych dosak 
Jak hrube? 
Kol'ko suchov dlhe? 



We shall send them to Zasleme vam ich dnes 
you to-day 



( Yako s platYenYeem) 

(polovitsu Yak budYe 
dom pod streXou a 
drohoo Yak budYe 
prAtsa priYatA Ya- 
ko skonchenA) 

(museeme na to pod- 
peesatY kontrakt) 

(XtsetYe nYeYakoo 
opravu) 

(Xtsem matY streXu 
opravenoo) 

(Ye to bridlitsovA — 
sleYtovA — streXa) 

(Xtsem dakolYko 
velYkeeX doslk) 

(Yak hrubE) 

(kolYko shooXov 
dlhE) 

(zashlYeme vim ich 
dnYes) 



AT ELECTRIC AND PLUMBING CO. 



What is the matter? 
What is the matter? 
So you want an 

elektrician ? 
We shall send one up 

immediately 
There is some trouble 

with our gas-light 

We are having trouble 
with our water-pipe, 
the water escapes 

We have good electric 
lamps 
Come to-day 

We shall attend to it 
to-morrow before 
noon 



Co je? 

Co sa stalo ? 

Tak chcete elektri- 

kera? 
Hned' vam posleme 

jednoho 
Daco sa stalo nasmu 

gazovemu svetlu 

Daco sa stalo nasej 

vodovej rure, voda 

unika 
Maine dobre elektricke 

lampy 
Prijdite dnes 
Zrobime to zajtra 

pred poludnim 



(cho Ye) 

(eho sa stalo) 

(tak XtsetYe elektri- 

kera) 
(lmYedY vim poshle- 

me Yednoho) 
(da cho sa stalo nAsh- 

mu gAzovEmu 

svetlu) 
(dacho sa stalo na- 

sheY vodoveYroore, 

voda unYikA) 
(mime dobrE elektri- 

tskE lampi) 
(priYdYitYe dnYes) 
(zrobeeme to zaYtra 

pred poludnYeem) 



— 23 



Have you same batte- 
ries for door-bells? 

May be your plug is 
burned 

May be your fuse is 
burned 

Turn on the lights ! 

Turn off the lights ! 

Turn on the water 



Mate batterie na dve- 

rovy zvoncek ? 
Mozno vam "plag" 

(zatka) vyhorel? 
Mozno vam ' ' fjtiz ' : 
(-knot-) vyhorel 
Zrobte svetlo ! 
Zhasnite ! 
Pust'te vodu 



(mAtYe battErYe na 
dverovee zvonchok) 

(mozYno vAm plag — 
zAtka — vihorela) 

(mozYno vAm 'fYooz' 
(-knot-) vihorel) 

(zrobtYe svetlo) 

(zhasnYitYe) 

(pustYtYe vodu) 



ABOUT INSURANCE 

Insured against Poisteny proti nehode 

accident 
Insured against fire Poisteny proti ohnu 

I have my life insured Som poisteny na zivot 

The premium on this Premia (poplatok) na 
insurance policy is... tuto poist'ujucu po- 

licu (pojistku) je... 

Quarterly Stvrt'rocne 

Semmiannually Polrocne 

Annually Rocne 

For how many years ? Na kol'ko rokov ? 
For what sum? Na jaky obnos? 

Your policy will ex- Vase poistenie vyprsi 
pire on . . at noon na . . na poludnie 



(poistYenee protYi 

nYehodYe) 
(poistYenee protYi 

ohnYu) 
(som poistYenee na 

zYivot) 
(prEmYa - (poplatok) 

- na tooto poistYu- 

Yootsu politsu - (Po- 

Yistku) - Ye... 
< shtvrtYrochnYe) 
(polrochnYe) 
(rochnYe) 
(na kolLko rokov) 
(na Yakee obnos) 
(vashe poistYenY Ye 

viprshee na . . na 

poludnYYe) 



AT THE OFFICE OF THE NOTARY PUBLIC. 



You can sign your af- 
fidavit here 



Mozte tu podpisat' svo- 
je prisazne osved- 
cenie 



Take off your hat Dajte klobuk dolu 

Raise your right hand Dvihnite hore pravu 
and swear to it ruku a odprisahajte 



I can get you the 
marriage license 



Mozem vam dostat' do- 
volenie k snatku 



(mWOzYtYe tu pod- 

peesatY svoYe pree- 

sazYnE osvedche- 

nYYe) 
(daYtYeklobookdolu) 
(dvihnYitYe hore pra- 

voo ruku a odpri- 

sahaYtYe) 
(mWOzYem vim do- 

statY dovolenYYe k 

snYatku) 



24 



You will have to an- Musite zodpovedat 

swer some ques- niekorko otazok 

tions 
What is your father's Jako sa vola vas otec? 

name? 
What is your mother's Jako je matkino diev- 

maiden name ? censke meno ? 



How old are you? 

What is your occupa- 
tion? 

What is your profes- 
sion? 

This costs you two 
dollars 

Could you draw up a 
Deed for me? 

Have the title looked 
up in the court by 
an attorney 

There is a mortgage 
on the property and 
some notes, too 

Be careful when you 
buy that property 

I can have the deed 
recorded for you 

I can sell you that 

house cheap 
Can you get a bond 

for yourself? 



Kol'ko mate rokov? 
Co je vase zamestna- 

nie? 
Co je vasim povola- 

nim? 
Toto vas stoji dva 

dollare 
Mohli by ste mi zrobitf 

"dyd"? 
Dajte si ten narok — 

(titul) — prezret' u 

sudu od advokata 
Je ' ' mortgidz ' ' na torn 

majetku a tiez nie- 
korko not 
Dajte pozor, ked' chce- 

te kupit' ten maje- 

tok 
Mozem vam dat' ten 

"dyd" rekordovat' 

Ten dom vam mozem 

predat' lacno 
Mozte dostat' za seba 

"bond" (zaruku)? 



(museetYe zodpove- 

datY nYYekolYko 

otAzok) 
(Yako sa volA vAsh 

otYets) 
(Yako Ye matkino 

dYYevchenskE 

meno) 
(kolYko mAtYe rokov 
(cho Ye vashe zame- 

stnanYYe) 
(cho Ye vasheem po- 

volanYeem) 
(toto vAs stoYee dva 

dollAre) 
(mohlYi bi stYe mi 

zrobitY deed) 
(daYtYe si ten nArok 

- (titul) - prezret Y 
od advokAta) 

(Ye mortgij na torn 

maYetku a tYYezY 

nYYekolYko nOt) 
(daYtYe pozor, kedY 

XtsetYe koopitY 

ten maYetok) 
(mWOzYem vAm 

datY ten deed re- 

kordovatY) 
(ten dom vim mWO- 
zYem predat Y latsno) 
(mWOzYetYe do- 

statY za seba bond 

— zAruku) 



AT THE BANK 



Is this your first Je toto vas prvy 

deposit? vklad? 

Give me a check book Dajte mi cekovu 

knizku 
Give him a bank book Dajte mu bankovu 

knizku 



(Ye toto vAsh prvee 

vklad) • 
(daYtYe mi chekovoo 

nYizYku) 
(daYtYe mu banko- 

voo knYizYku) 



— 25 — 



Place your signature Tu sa podpiste 

here 

I wish to deposit this Chcem ulozit' tieto pe- 

money on interest niaze na interess 



Do you wish to with- 
draw your money? 

Do you want this 
check cashed 

Have you deposited 
some money in our 
bank? 

We cannot cash this 

check 

We do not know you 

Come here with a man 
whom we know 

then we shall cash 

the check 
You will have to wait 

thirty days for your 

money 
Go to the Foreign 

Department 



Chcete vybrat' svoje 

peniaze ? 
Chcete tento cek 

zamenit' ? 
Ulozili ste nejake 

peniaze v nasej 

banke ? 
Nemozeme ten cek 

zamenit' 
Nezname vas 
Prijdite sem s clove- 

kom, ktoreho my 

pozname 
vtedy zamenime ten 

cek 
Musite cakat' tridsat' 
dni na svoje peniaze 

Chod'te do cudzozem- 
skeho oddelenia 



Go to Mr Chod'te ku panu . . 

We close the bank at Zatvarame banku o 
three o'clock pm. tretej po poludni 

I want to borrow . . . Chcem pozicat' . . 

dollars dollarov 

How soon can you re- Jak skoro mozte 

pay the money ? vratit' peniaze ? 



Who will endorse 
your note? 



What do you wish ? 
One sack of flour 
One pound of sugar 
Give me some salt 



Kto podpise Vasu 
notu? 



(tu sa podpeeshtYe) 

(Xtsem ulozYitY 

tYYeto penYYaze 

na interes) 
(XsetYe vibratY svo- 

Ye penYYaze) 
(XtsetYe tento chek 

zamenYitY) 
(ulozYilYi stYe nYe- 

YakE penYYaze v 

nasheY banke) 
(nYemWOzYeme ten 

chek zamenYitY) 
(nYeznAme vAs) 
(priYdYitYe sem s 

chlovekom, ktorE- 

ho mi znAme) 
(vtedi zamenYeeme 

ten chek) 
(museetYe chakatY 

tridsatY dnYee na 

svoYe penYYaze) 
(XodYtYe do tsudzo- 

zemskEho oddYe- 

lenYYa) 
(XodYtYe ku pinu..) 
(zatvArame banku o 

tretYeY po polud- 

nYee) 
(Xtsem pozYichatY 

. . . dollArov) 
(Yak skoro mWOzY- 

tYe vrAtitY pe- 
nYYaze) 
(kto podpeeshe vashu 

nOtu) 



AT THE GROCERY STORE 

Co si prajete? (cho si praYetYe) 

Miesok mtiky (mYeshok mooki) 

Funt cukru (funt tsukru) 

Dajte mi soli (daYtYe mi solYi) 



— 26 



Have you any fruit? 


Mate nejake oyocie? 


(mltYe nYeYakE 

ovotsYe) 


We have some apples 


Mame jablka a hrusky 


(mAme YablkA a 


and some pears 




hrushki) 


One peck of peaches 


"Pek" broskvi 


(pek broskvee) 


Two pounds of grapes 


5 Dva funty hrozna 


(dva funti hrozna) 


One head of cabbage 


Hlavku kapusty 


(hlAvku kapusti) 


How do you sell it? 


Jako to predavate? 


(Yako to predAvatYe) 


What do you want 


Co chcete kupit'? 


(choXtsetYekoopitY) 


to buy? 






Bread, potatoes and 


Chlieb, zemiaky a 


(XlYYeb, zemYaki a 


kerosine 


petrolin (naftu) 


petroleen, (-naftu-)) 


One loaf of bread 


Peceii chleba 


(petsenY XlYeba) 


One can of beans 


"Khenu" fazule 


(khenu fazulYe) 


Eggs, pies, nuts, 


Vajcia, "paje" (pa- 


(vaYtsYa, pAYe — 


matches 


sty ky), orechy, za- 


(pashtiki) — oreXi, 




palky 


zApalki) 


Ham and horse-redish Sunku a chren 


(shunku a Xren) 


Lettuce and olive oil 


Salat a olivovy olej 


(shalAt a olivovee 
oleY) 


Corn and butter 


Kukuricu (-kornu-) 


(kukuritsu — kornu 




a maslo 


— a maslo) 


Coffee and tea 


Kavu a caj 


(kAvu a chaY) 


Yeast 


Kvasnice 


(kvasnYitse) 


Will you pay now ? 


Zaplatite teraz? 


(zaplatYeetYe teraz) 


Mark it on my book 


Zaznacte to do mojej 


(zaznachtYe to do mo- 




knizky 


YeY knYizYki) 


Onion, garlic 


Cibul'a, cesnak 


(tsibulYa, tsesnak) 


Parsley, carrots 


Petruska, mrkva 


(petrushka, mrkva) 


Cucumbers 


Ogurky 


(ogurki) 


Peas 


Hrach 


(hraX) 


AT THE MEAT MARKET 


Beef 


Hovadzina 


(hovAdzina) 


Veal 


Teracina 


(tYelYatsina) 


Pork 


Svinske maso 


(svinYskE mAso) 


Lamb 


Baranina 


(baranYina) 


Mutton 


Skopovina 


(skopovina) 


Ham 


Sunka 


(shunka) 


Bacon 


Slanina 


(slanYina) 


Sausage 


Klbasa 


(klbAsa) 


Dried beef 


Sucha hovadzina 


(suXa hovAdzina) 



— 27 — 



Soup meat 


Maso na polievku 


(mAso napolYYevku) 


Leg 


Noha 


(noha) 


Tongue 


Jazyk 


(Yazik) 


Ribs 


Rebra 


(rebrA) 


Head 


Hlava 

AT THE DAIRY 


(hlava) 


A pint cream 


"Pajnt" smotany 


(paYnt smotani) 


One quart of milk 


"Kvartu" mlieka 


(kvartu mlYYeka) 


One glass of buttermilk 


: Pohar cmaru 


(pohAr tsmaru) 


One gallon of sour 


Galon kysleho mlieka 


l (galOn kislEho 


milk 


DRY GOODS 


mlYYeka) 


A) Women's dresses 


Zenske obleky 


(zYenskE obleki) 


Size 


Numero, cislo 


(numero cheeslo) 


Low price 


Nizka cena 


(nYeezka tsena) 


High price 


Vysoka cena 


(visokA tsena) 


Discount 


Srazka 


(srAzYka) 


Yards and inches 


Jardy a palce 


(Yardi a paltse) 


Half 


Pol 


(pol) 


Serge 


Stof 


(shtof) 


Cotton serge 


Bavlnovy stof 


(bavlnovee shtof) 


Material 


Material, latka 


(materYAl, LAtka) 


Wool and woolen 


Vina a vlneny 


(vlna a vlnYenee) 


White linen 


Biele platno 


(bYele plltno) 


White and black 


Biely a cierny 


(bYeli a chYerni) 


Brown and yellow 


Braunovy a zlty 


(braunovee a zYltee) 


Blue and green 


Modry a zeleny 


(mo dree a zelenee) 


Red and pink 


Cerveny a ruzovy 


(chervenee a ruzYo- 

VOfll 


Dark and light 


Tmavy a jasny 


(tmavee a Yasnee 


Buttons 


Gombicky 


(gombichki) 


Thread 


Nit', cverna 


(nYitY, tsverna) 


Pins and needles 


Spendliky a ihly 


(shpendleeki a ihli) 


Coat and hat 


Kabat a klobtik 


(kabAt a klobook) 


Skirt and ribbons 


Sukiia a stuhy 


(suknYa a stuhy — 




(pantliky) 


pantliki) 


Waistcoat 


Vesta 


(vesta) ' 


Blouse 


Bluza 


(blooza) 


Waist (measure) 


Driek 


(drYek) 


Flannel 


Flanel 


(flanel) 



28 



Shirt 

Washable 

Girl's dresses 

Cashmere dress 

Gingham 

Lace 

Hats for children 

Hats for ladies 

Hats for misses 

Trimmed 

Ostrich plumes 

Bird and rose 

Wings 

Lining 

Corset 

Purse and bag 

Hair and combs 

House dresses 

Gloves 

Bonnet 

Muff 

Fur 

Petticoat 

Apron and shawl 

Spring dresses 

Underwear 

Undergarment 

Bootees 

Handkerchiefs 

Towel 

Muslin 

Nightgown 

Nightshirt 

Scarf 

Sweater 

Cap and strawhat 

Bloomers 

B) Union suit 

Men's hats 

Mittens 

Measure 



Kosel'a 
Na pranie 
Dievcenske saty 
Kasmirove saty 
Druh kartunu 
Cipky 

Klobuky pre deti 
Klobuky pre damy 
Klobuky pre slecny 
Okrasleny 
Pstrosie pera 
Vtak a ruza 
Kridla 
Podsivka 
"Korzet", mider 
Penazenka a mest'ok 

(taska) 
Vlasy a hrebienky 
Domace saty 
Rukavicky 
Cepec, "bonet" 
StuceL "muf" 
Kozusina, "fur" 
Spodna sukna, 

spodnicka 
Zastera a sal 
Jarne saty 
Spodne saty 
Spodne saty 
Botky 

Satky, "hustky" 
Uterak 
Muselin 
Nocny zupan 
Nocna kosel'a 
Lahky sal 
"sveder", potic 
Ciapka a slamenak 
Zenske nohavicky 
Rovnosata 
Muzske klobuky 
Rukavice 
Miera 



(koshelYa) 

(na pranYYe) 

(dYevchenskE shati) 

(kashmeerovE shati) 

(druh kartoonu) 

(chipki) 

(klobooki pre dYetYi) 

(klobooki pre dAmi) 

(klobooki pre slechni) 

(okrAshlenee) 

(pstroshYe per A) 

(vtAk a ruzYa) 

(kreedla) 

(podsheevka) 

(korzet, meeder) 

(penYazYenka a me- 
sh tYok, tashka) 

(vlasi a hrebYenki) 

(domAtse shati) 

(rukavichki) 

(chepets, "bonet") 

(shtutsel, muf) 

(kozYushina, "fur") 

(spodnA suknYa, 
spodnYichka) 

(zAstYerka a shAl) 

(YarnE shati) 

(spodnE shati) 

(spodnE shati) 

(botki) 

(shatki, hustki) 

(utYerAk) 

(musheleen) 

(nochnee zYupan) 

(nachnA koshelYa) 

(lYahkee shAl) 

(sveder, potYich) 

( ch Yapka a slamen Ak ) 

( z YenskE noha vichki ) 

(rovnoshata) 

(muzYskE klobooki) 

(rukavitse) 

(mYYera) 



— 29 — 



I must take your 


Musim vziat vasu 


(museem vz-YatY 


measure 


mieru 


vashu mYYeru) 


Put off your coat 


Svlecte kabat 


(svlechtYe kabAt) 


Put on your coat 


Oblecte si kabat 


(oblechtYe si kabAt) 


Try on this coat 


Sprobujte tento kabat 


(sprobuYtYe tento 
kabAt) 


It fits you 


Ten vam pristane 


(ten vim pristanYe) 


To clean the suit 


Ocistit' saty 


(ochistYitYe shati) 


Pants 


Nohavice 


(nohavitse) 


Trousers 


Nohavice 


(nohavitse) 


Overcoat 


Svrchnik 


(svrXnYeek) 


Sleeve 


Rukav 


(rukAv) 


Collar 


Golier 


(gol-Yer) 


Pocket 


Vacok 


(vachok) 


Vest 


Vesta 


(vesta) 


Tight 


Uzky 


(oozki) 


Loose 


Vol'ny 


(volYnee) 


Belt 


Pas, remen 


(pAs, remenY) 


Necktie 


Nakrcnik 


(nAkrchnYeek) 


Garters 


Podvazky 


(podvAzki) 


Suspenders 


Tracky, < ' hozntrogle ' ' 


(trAchki,h6zntr6gle) 


Rubber collars 


Gumove goliere 


(gumovE gol-Yere) 


Sale! 


Vypredaj ! 


(veepredaY) 




AT THE SHOE STORE 


What size shoes do 


Jakej vel'kosti chcete 


(YakeY velYkostYi 


you want? 


topanky ? 


XtsetYe topAnki) 


I want size eight 


Chcem cislo osem 


(Xtsem cheeslo osem) 


Children's shoes 


Detske topanky 


(dYetskE topAnki) ^ 


Low or high heels? 


Nizke ako vysoke 


(nYeezke abo visokE 




opatky ? 


opAtki) 


Light or heavy shoes? Lahke abo t'azke 


(lYahkE abo tYazY- 




topanky ? 


kE topAnki) 


"What price shoes do 


Jakej ceny topanky 


(YakeY tseni topAn- 


you want? 


chcete? 


ki XtsetYe) 


Can you repair these 


Mozte opravit' tieto 


(mWOzYtYe opravitY 


shoes? 


topanky ? 


tYYeto topAnki) 


Have you any gymna- 


Mate telocvicne 


(mAtYe tYelotsvich- 


sium slippers? 


topanky ? 


nE topAnki) 


Baby shoes 


Detske topanky 


(dYetskE topAnki) 



30 



AT THE JEWELER 
I want to buy a watch Chcem kupit' hodinky 

About what price? V jakej cene? 



Gold or silver? 

This is a good watch 



Zlate abo strieborne? 
Toto sti dobre hodin- 
ky 
This watch is guaran- Tieto hodinky su ga- 
teed for ten years rantirovane na de- 

sat' rokov 
Ring and chain Prsteii a retiazka 



Wedding ring 

Do you need some 
silver spoons? 

I wish a half dozen 
silver knifes 

I want two dozen 
silver forks 

Show me a nice 

neck-lace 
Bracelet 
Alarm clock 
Clock 



We have good stoves 
Both gas and coal 
stoves 



Snubny prsten, 
obrucka 

Potrebujete striebor- 
ne lyzicky? 

Chcem pol tucta strie- 
bornych nozov 

Chcem dva tucty strie- 
bornych vidliciek 

Ukazte mi peknu re- 

tiazku na krk 
Brazleta 
Budicek 
Hodiny 

HARDWARE 

Mame dobre pece 

I gazove i unlove pece 



Smaller or large stove? Mensiu abo vacsiu pec 



Paints and brushes 

Knives 

Pincers 

Hammer and hatchet 

Ax and file 

Spade and hoe 

Shovel and rake 

Wheelbarrow 



Farby a stetky 
Noze 
Klieste 

Kladivo a sekerka 
Sekera a pilnik 
Ryl a motyka 
Lopata a hrable 
Tacky, "virbar" 



(Xtsem koopitY 

hodYinki) 
v YakeY tsenYe) 
zlatE abo strYebor- 

nE) 
toto soo dobrE 

hodYinki) 
tYYeto hodYinki soo 

gar ante erovanE na 

dYesatY rokov) 
prstYenY a 

retYYazka) 
snubnee prstYenY, 

obroochka) 
potrebuYetYe strYe- 

bornE lizYichki) 
Xtsem pol tutsta 
strYeborneeXnozYov) 
Xtsem dva tutsi 

strYeborneeX 

vidlichYek) 
ukAzYtYe mi peknoo 

retYYtzku na krk) 
brazleta) 
budYeechek) 
hodYini) 



mAme dobrE petse) 
i gAzovE i u hlYovE 

petse) 
menshYYu abovAch- 

shYYu pets) 
farbi a shtYetki) 
nozYe) 
klYYeshtYe) 
kladYivo a sekerka) 
sekera a pilnYeek) 
reel a motika) 
lopata a hrablYe) 
tAchki, virbAr) 



— 31 — 



Lock and nails 

Key, keys 

Door and window 

Dishes and pans 

It is too dear 

It is cheap 

Pots and pan 

Wire and fence 

Razor and rifle 

Revolver 

Cartridges 

Spring 

Screws 

Glass 

Plane and chisel 

Scissors 



Have you any beds? 
We have iron, woden 
and brass beds 

At what price ? 
Do you give any 

discount? 
Yes, if you pay cash 

Table and chairs 

Springs — 

Carpets and linoleum 

Sofa and swing 

Writing table 
Dresser 
Bookcase 
Cradle or buggy 



Zamok a klince 

Kl'uc, kl'tice 

Dvere a okno 

Misky a panvy 

To je vel'mi drahe 

To je lacne 

Hrnce a panva 

Drat a plot 

Britva a puska 

Revolver 

Patrony 

Struna 

Sroby 

Sklo 

Hoblik a dlatko 

Noznice 

FURNITURE 

Mate postele? 
Mame zelezne, drevene 
a mosadzne postele 

Jakej ceny? 
Davate srazku? 

Ano, jestli hned' 

zaplatite 
Stol a stolicky 
Struny ", " springy ' ' 
Karpety a koza — 

(skura) 
Kanapa (divan) a 

hombacka 
Pisaci stol 
Kastna na saty 
Kastna na knizky 
Koliska abo kociarik 



(zAmok a klYintse) 

(klYooch, klYooche) 

(dvere a okno) 

(miski a panvi) 

(to Ye velYmi drahE) 

(to Ye latsnE) 

(hrntse a panva) 

(drAt a plot) 

(britva a pushka) 

(revolver) 

(patrOni) 

(struna) 

(shrWObi) 

(sklo) 

(hobleek a dlAtko) 

(nozYnYitse) 



(mAtYe postYelYe) 
(mAnie zYeleznE, dre- 

venE a mosadznE 

postYelYe) 
(YakeY tseni) 
(dAvatYe srAzYku) 

(Ano, Yestli hnYedY 

zaplatYeetYe) 
(stWOl a stolichki) 
(struni, springi) 
(karpeti a kozYa — 

(skura)) 
(kanapa (divAn) a 

hombachka) 
(peesatsee stWOl) 
(kastnYa na shati) 
(kastnYa na knYizYki) 
(koleeska abo ko- 

chYYarik) 



WITH THE LAWYER 

What do you want? Co cheete? (cho XtsetYe) 

I want to have a Chcem sa sudit' ^Xtsem sa soodYitY) 

law-suit 



32 



Whom do you want to Koho chcete sudit ? 

prosecute ? 

My wife Moju zenu 

My husband Mojho muza 

Tell me your story Povedzte, co to mate 



He called me 

"so and so" 
She said I was crazy 
Have you any 

witness ? 
I have one 
One witness is no 

witness 
You must have at least 

two good witnesses 

What do you say about 

the case ? 
What is the matter ? 
if that is so, we shall 

win 
What will be your fee^ 

One hundred dollars 

Sign here 

Tell your witnesses to 

be here to-morrow 

at ten o'clock 

You cannot win the 
case 
Better settle the whole 

matter here 
Plaintiff, prosecutor 
Defender 
Thief, crime, murder 



Nazval ma "tak 

a tak'-' 
Nazvala ma blaznom 
Mate svedkov? 

Mam jednoho 
Jeden svedok je nie 

svedok 
Musite mat' aspon 

dvoch dobrych 

svedkov 
Co poviete na ten 

pripad 1 
Co sa stalo? 
Jak je tak, my 

vyhrame 
Co bude vasim hono- 

rarom ? 
Sto dollarov 
Tu sa podpiste 
Povedzte svojim sved- 

kom, aby tu boly 

zajtra o desiatej 

hodine 
Nemozte to pravo 

vyhrat 
Radsej sa tu dohodni- 

te v tej veci 
Zalobca 
Obzalovany 
Kmin, zlocin, vrazda, 



Shooting and damage Strel'ba a skoda 

Wound Rana 

Libel Urazka na cti 

He was drunk Bol opity 

To teach him a lesson Pat' mu lekciu 



(koho XtsetYe soo- 

dYitY) 
(moYu zYenu) 
(mWOYho muzYa) 
(povedzYte, cho to 

mAtYe) 
(nazval ma tak a tak) 

( nazvala ma blAznom ) 
(mAtYe svedkov) 

(mAm Yednoho) 
(Yeden svedok Ye 

nYYe svedok) 
(museetYe matY as- 

ponY dvoX dob- 

reeX svedkov) 
(cho povYetYe na ten 

preepad) 
(cho sa stalo) 
(Yak Ye tak, mi 

vihrAme) 
(cho budYe vasheem 

honor Arom) 
(sto dollArov) 
(tu sa podpeeshtYe) 
(povedztYe svoYim 

svedkom, abi tu bo- 

lYi zaYtra o dYe- 
sYateY hodYinYe) 
(nYemWOzYetYe to 

prAvo vithatY) 
(radsheY sa tu dohod- 

nYitYe v teY vetsi) 
(zYalobtsa) 
(obzYalovanee) 
(kmeen, zlochin, 

vrazYda) 
(strelYba a shkoda) 
(rana) 

(urAzYka na tstYi) 
(bol opitee) 
(datY mu lektsY-u) 



33 — 



Let it alone 
I advise you 
Are you sure ? 
Are you sure ? 
Who is guilty? 
Bail and bond 
We lost the case 
We are ruined 
Not yet, we will 

appeal 
We are the winners 
Do not make any more 

trouble 
Take care of what 

you say 
You will be fined 

Pay your fine ! 

Pay me 

I shall not be at home 

Call them in 

Come in ! 



Will you wash this 

forme to-day? 
Do not put much 

starch on it 
Iron carefully 
You have scorched 

this dress 
This does not 

belong to me 
Do not tear the linen 



Nechte to 
Badim vam 
Ste isty? 
Ste ista? f. 
Kto je vinny? 
Zaruka a "bond" 
Prehrali sme 
Sme zniceni 
Este nie, budeme 

appellovat' 
Vyhrali sme 
Nerobte viae bala- 

muty 
Dajte pozor, co 

hovorite 
Budete penazite 

pokutovany 
Zaplat'te pokutu! 
Zaplat'te mi 
Nebudem doma 
Zavolajte ich dnu 
Pod'te dnu! 

WASHERWOMAN 

Operete mi 

toto dnes? 
Nedajte na to 

vel'a skrobu 
Piglujte pozorne 
Tieto saty ste 

popalili 
Toto mi nepatri 

Nepotrhajte pradlo 



I missed some collars Chybelo mi niekol'ko 



Have you your bill? 

Have you the 

toothache ? 
Which tooth hurts 

you? 



golierov 
Mate svoj ucet? 

AT THE DENTIST 
Bolia vas zuby? 

Ktory zub vas boli? 



(nYeXtYe to) 

(radYeem vAm) 

(stYe istee) 

(stYe istA) 

(kto Ye vinnee) 

(zAruka a bond) 

(prehrali sme) 

(sme znYichenee) 

^budYeme appello- 
vat Y) 

(vihrali sme) 

(nYerobtYe vYats 
balamuti) 

(daYtYe pozor, cho 
hovoreetYe 

(budYetYe penYazYi- 
tYe pokutovanee) 

(zaplatYtYe pokutu) 

(zaplatYtYe mi) 

(nYebudYem doma) 

(zavolaYtYe iX dnu) 

(podYtYe dnu) 

(operetYe mi toto 

dnYes) 
(nYedaYtYe na to 

velYa shkrobu) 
( pigluYtYe pozornYe ) 
(tYYeto shati stYe 

popllYilYi) 
(toto mi nYepatree) 

( n Yep o trh a Yt Ye 

prAdlo) 
(Xibelo mi nYYe- 

kolYko golYerov) 
(mAtYe svoY oochet) 

(bolYa vAs zubi) 
(ktoree zub vAsbolee) 



— 34 



Do you want it 

filled? 
With silver, gold or 

white filling? 
Do you want it 

pulled out? 
Does it hurt you? 
We will take the 

root out 
It will not hurt any 

more 
It will last for about 

three years 
Please examine my 

teeth 
Clean my teeth 

Come to-morrow 



Chcete ho dat 

zaplnit' ? 
So striebrom, zlatom 

abo bielym? 
Chcete ho dat' 

vytiahnut' ? 
Boli vas to? 
Vytiahneme koren 

Viae to nebude 

bolet' 
To vydrzi asi tri roky 

Prosim, preskumajte 

moje zuby 
Ocistite moje zuby 

Prijdite zajtra 



(XtsetYe ho datY 

zaplnYitY) 
(zo strYebrom, zlatom 

abo bYelim) 
(XtsetYe ho datY 

vitYYahnutY) 
(bolee vAs to) 
(vitYYthnYeme ko- 

renY) 
(vYats to nYebudYe 

boletY) 
(to vidrzYee asi tri 

roki) 
(proseem, preskoo- 

maYtYe moYe zubi) 
(ochistYitYe mo Ye 

zubi) 
(priYdYitYe zaYtra) 



How are you? 
What ails you? 
What is the trouble? 
Is your stomach 

out of order? 
Well, how is the 

sick man ? 
How is the sick woman? 
Do you feel very 

badly? 
I have a terrible 

headache? 
Where? 

Show me your tongue 
When did your bowels 

move? 
I feel very weak 

I broke my arm 
She is burnt 
Your children have 
the measles 



WITH THE DOCTOR 

Jako sa mate ? 
Co vam je? 
Co sa stalo? 
Ci vas boli 
zaludok ? 
No, jako sa ma chory? 

Jako sa ma chora? 
Citite sa vel'mi zle? 

Strasne ma boli hlava 

Kde? 

Ukazte mi jazyk 

Kedy ste mali stolicu? 

Citim sa vel'mi slabo 

Zlomil som si ruku 
Popalila sa 
Vase dietky 
maju osypky 



(Yako sa mAtYe) 
(cho vAm Ye) 
(cho sa stalo) 
(chi vAs olee 

zYaloodok) 
(no, Yako sa mA 

Xoree) 
(Yako sa mA XorA) 
(tseetYitYe sa 

velYmi zlYe) 
(strashnYe ma 

bolee hlava) 
(kdYe) 

(ukAzYte mi Yazik) 
(kedi stYe malYi 

stolYitsu) 
(tseetYim sa velYmi 

slabo) 
(zlomil som si ruku) 
(popAlYila sa) 
(vashe dYYetki ma- 

Yoo oseepki) 



35 — 



He has a severe cold Je silne prechladeny 



He must stay at home 
That child has 

diphteria 
He has consumption 
She has a high fever 

Give her pure cold 
water to drink 

Is he very sick? 
Is he better? 
He has sore eyes 
I have a sore finger 
Have you a sore 

throat? 
Cough, cough again Kaslite, kaslite zase 



Musi ostat' doma 
To diet'a ma zaskrt 

Ma suchotiny 
Ma vel'ku horucku 

Dajte jej pit' cistu 
studenu vodu 

Je vel'mi chory? 
Je mu lepsie ? 
Bolia ho oci 
Boli ma prst 
Boli vas hrdlo? 



Fever and ear-ache 

What have you eaten 

to-day ? 
Do you want to see 

the doctor? 
Do you want to see me? 
I will go at once 
Where do you live? 
What number? 
He must go to the 

hospital 
He must be operated 

on 
No hope 
Will he live? 
Yes, he will 



Horueka a bolenie 

ucha 
Co ste dnes jedli? 

Chcete videt' doktora? 

Chcete ma videt'? 
Zaraz pojdem 
Kde byvate? 
Jake cislo? 
Musi ist' 

do spitala 
Musi byt' operovany 

Niet nadeje 
Bude zit'? 
Ano, bude 



(Ye silnYe preXla- 

dYenee) 
(musee ostatY doma) 
(to dYYetYa ml 

zAshkrt) 
(ml suXotYini) 
(mi velYkoo ho- 

roochku) 
(daYtYe YeY pitY 

chistoo studYenoo 

vodu) 
(Ye velYmi Xoree) 
(Ye mu lYepshYe) 
(bolYYa ho ochi) 
(bolee ma prst) 
(bolee vAs hrdlo) 

(kashlYitYe, kashlYi- 

tYe zase) 
(horoochka a bole- 

nYYe uXa) 
(cho stYe dnYes 

YedYi) 
(XtsetYe vidYetY 

doktora) 
(XtsetYe ma vidYetY) 
(zaraz pWOYdYem) 
(kdYe beevatYe) 
(YakE cheeslo) 
(musee eestY do 

shpitllYa) 
(musee bitY opero- 

vanee) 
(nYYet nldYeYe) 
(budYe zYitY) 
(Ano, budYe) 



Is the reverend 

at home ? 
May I see him? 



AT THE PARSONAGE 

Je velebny pan doma? (Ye velebnee pAn 

doma) 

Mozem ho videt'? (mWOzYem ho 

vidYetY) 



36 — 



Come and baptize 
our sick child 

Sick call 
Churching woman 

Catechism 
Sunday school 

Banns and wedding 
Marriage licence 

Matrimony 

Sick 

Sick 

He died 

She died 

When will the funeral 
take place ? 

Did he support 
the church? 

Do you support 
the church? 

Confession and 
communion 

Baptism and confir- 
mation 

Sacraments 

Mass, holy mass 

Blessed sacrament 

Do you believe in God? 

Jesus Christ 

Christmas and Easter 

To forgive 
Absolution 
Sin, sins 
Heaven and hell 
Pray, let us pray 

Be brave 

Do not be afraid 



Pod'te a pokrstite 
nase chore diet'a 

Ku choremu 
Vyvodky, uvod, 

vacka 
Katekismus 
Nedernajsia skola 

Ohlasky a sobas 
Dovolenie ku siiatku) 

Stav manzelsky 

Chory, m. 

Chora, f. 

Zomrel 

Zomrela 

Kedy bude pohrab ? 

Platil na kostol ? 

Platite na kostol? 

Spoved' a prijimanie 

Krst a birmovanie 

Sviatosti 

Omsa, svata omsa 
Sviatost' oltarna 
Verite v Boha ? 
Jezis Kristus 
Vianoce a Vel'ka noc 

Odpustit 
Eozhresenie 
Hriech, hriechy 
Nebo a peklo 
Modlite sa, 

modlime sa 
Bud'te smely 
Nebojte sa 



(podYteY a pokrstYi- 

tYe nashe XorE 

dYYetYa) 
(ku XorEmu) 
(veevodki, oovod, 

vAtska) 
(katekizmus) 
(nYedYelY-nYaY- 

shYa shkola) 
(ohlAski a sob Ash) 
(dovolYenYYe ku 

snYatku) 
(stav manzYelskee) 
(Xoree) 
(XorA) 
(zomrel) 
(zomrela) 
(kedi budYe pohrab) 

(platYil na kostol) 

(platYeetYe na 

kostol) 
(spovedY a priYee- 

maYYe) 
(krst a birmovanYYe) 

(svYatostYi) 
( omsha ( svAtAomsha) 
( s v Ya t o st Y olt Arna 
(vereetYe v boha) 
(YezYish Kristus) 
(vYanotse a velYkA 

nots) 
(odpustYitYe) 
(rozhreshenYYe) 
(hrYeX, hrYeXi) 
(nYebo a peklo) 
(modlitYe sa, 

modlime sa) 
(budYtYe smelee) 
(nyeboYtYe sa) 



— 37 



WITH THE UNDERTAKER 



Has somebody died? 

My child is dead 

His wife is dead 

My sister is dead 

Her husband died 
to-day) 

Do you want the 
funeral? 

At what time? 

What price coffin do 
you want? 

For one hundred 
dollars 

How many carriages? 

How many automo- 
biles? 

What will it cost? 

Where did he die? 

What is his full name ? 

Where was he born ? 
What month and day 

and year? 
How old is he? 
His occupation? 
What is his father 's 

name? 
What is his mother's 

maiden name ? 

Where were they 

born? 
Sign this testimony 



Ci zomrel dakto? 
Diet'a mi zomrelo 
Jeho zena zomrela 
Sestra mi zomrela 
Jej muz dnes zomrel 

Chcete mat' pohrab? 

ktorej hodine 
Jakej ceny chcete 

mat' trumnu? 
Za sto dollarov 

Kol'ko kocov? 
Kol'ko automobilov? 

Co to bude stat'? 
Kde zomrel? 
Jako je jeho 

eele meno? 
Kde sa narodil ? 
Jaky mesiac a den 

a rok? 
Kol'ko ma rokov? 
Jeho zamestnanie? 
Jako sa vola 

jeho otec? 
Jako je dievcenske 

meno jeho matke? 

Kde sa oni narodili? 



Poclpiste toto 
svedoctvo 
Cemetery and grave Cintor a hrob 



(chi zomrel dakto) 
(dYYetYami zomrelo) 
(Yeho zYena zomrela) 
(sestra mi zomrela) 
(YeY muzY dnYes 

zomrel) 
(XtsetYe matY 

pohrab) 
(o ktoreY hodYinYe) 
(YakeY tseni XtsetYe 

matY trumnu) 
(za sto dollArov) 

(kolYko kochov) 
(kolyYko automo- 
bilov) 
(cho to budYe stAtY) 
(kdYe zomrel) 
(Yako^Ye Yeho 

tselE meno) 
(kdYe sa narodYil) 
(Yakee mes-Yats a 

dYenY a rok) 
(kolYko ml rokov) 
( Yeho zamestnanYYe ) 
(Yako sa volA Yeho 

otYets) 
(Yako Ye dYYevchen- 

skE meno Yeho 

matke) 
(kdYe sa onYi naro- 

dYili) 
(podpeeshtYe toto 

svedatstvo) 
(tsintor a hrob) 



ABOUT THE SLOVAK LANGUAGE 

Do you speak Slovak? Hovorite slovensky? (hovoreetYeslovenski) 
A little Malo (mAlo) 

Can you read Slovak? Znate citat' slovensky? (znAtYe cheetatY 

slovenski) 



38 — 



I can 

I cannot 

You have a good 

pronunciation 
I cannot speak 

fluently 
It is a difficult 

language 
You will learn it soon Naucite sa jej skoro 

The accent is easy Prizvuk je l'ahky 



Znam 
Neznam 
Mate dobru 

vyslovnost' 
Nemozem hovorit' 

plynne 
To je t'azka rec 



It is on the first 
syllable 

If you know Slovak, 
you know something 
of all the Slav lan- 
guages 

Knowing Slovak you 
will understand Bo- 
hemian, Polish, Cro- 
tian, Serbian, Rus- 
sian in a short time 

Yet you cannot read 
Serbian or Russian 



Je na prvej slabike 

Jak znate slovensky, 
znate daco zo vset- 
kych slovanskych 
jazykov 

Znajue slovensky o 
kratky cas poroz- 
umiete cesky, pol'sky, 
horvatsky, srbsky, 
rusky 

Predsa ale nemozete 
citat' srbsky alebo 
rusky 



Why not ? 

They use the Cyrillic 

alphabet 
The accents in the Slav Prizvuk sa v slovan- 



Preco nie? 
Uzivaju cyrilliku 



languages vary 



skych jazykoch meni 



This means, you may Toto znaci, ze mozte 
understand the Ian- rozumet' jazyk, ale 



guage, but cannot 
speak it correctly un- 
less you learn also 
the accent 



ho nemozete hovorit 
spravne, ledaze sa na- 
ucite aj prizvuku 



(znAm) 

(neznAm) 

(mAtYe dobroo vee- 

slovnostY) 
(nYemWOzYem ho- 

voritY plnnnYe) 
(to Ye tYazYkA rech) 

(naucheetYe sa YeY 

skoro) 
(preezvuk Ye lYah- 

kee) 
(Ye na prveY slabike) 

(Yak znAtYe sloven- 
ski, znAtYe dacho zo 
vshetkeeX slovan- 
skeeX Yazikov) 

(znaYoots slovenski o 
krAtki chas poroz- 
umYetYe cheski, 
polYski, horvatski, 
srbski, ruski) 

(predsa alYe nYe- 
mWOzYetYe chee- 
tatY srbski alYebo 
ruski) 

(precho nYYe) 

(uzYeevaYoo 
tsirilliku) 

(preezvuk sa v slovan- 
skeeX YazikoX 
menYee) 

(toto znachee, zYe 
mWOzYtYe roz- 
umetY Yazik, alYe 
ho nYemWOzYtYe 
hovoritY sprAvnYe, 
lYedazYe sa nauchee- 
tYe aj preezvuku) 



— 39 — 



CARDINAL NUMERALS 



One 


Jeden 


(Yeden) 


Two 


Dva 


(dva) 


Three 


Tri 


(tri) 


Four 


Styri 


(shtiri) 


Five 


Pat' 


(pAtY) 


Six 


Sest' 


(shestY) 


Seven 


Sedem 


(sedYem) 


Eight 


Osem 


(osem) 


Nine 


Devat' 


(dYevltY) 


Ten 


Desat' 


(dYesatY) 


Eleven 


Jedonast' 


(YedonAstY) 


Twelve 


Dvanast' 


(dvanAstY) 


Thirteen 


Trinast' 


i'trinAstY) 


Fourteen 


Strnast' 


(shtrnAstY) 


Fifteen 


Patnast' 


(pAtnlstY) 


Sixteen 


Sestnast' 


(shestnAstY) 


Seventeen 


Sedemnast' 


(sedYemnAstY) 


Eighteen 


Osemnast' 


(osemnAstY) 


Nineteen 


Devatnast' 


(dYevltnlstY) 


Twenty 


Dvadsat' 


(dvadsatY) 


Twenty one 


Dvadsat' jeden 


( dvadsat YYeden) 


Twenty two 


Dvadsat'dva 


( dvadsat Ydva) 


Twenty three 


Dvadsat'tri 


(dvadsatYtri) 


Twenty four 


Dvadsafstyri 


( dvadsat Yshtiri) 


Twenty five 


Dvadsat'pat' 


(dvadsatY-pltY) 


Thirty 


Tridsat' 


(tridsatY) 


Thirty one 


Tridsat' jeden 


(tridsat YYeden) 


Thirty two 


Tridsat'dva 


( tridsat Ydva) 


Forty 


Styridsat' 


(shtiridsatY) 


Fifty 


Pat'desiat 


(pltYdYes-Yat) 


Sixty 


Sest'desiat 


(shestYdYes-Yat) 


Seventy 


Sedemdesiat 


(sedYemdYes-Yat) 


Eighty 


Osemdesiat 


(osemdYes-Yat) 


Ninety 


Devat'desiat 


(dYevltYedYes-Yat) 


Ninety nine 


Devat'desiatdevat' 


(dYevltYdYes-Yat- 
dYevltY) 


One hundred 


Sto 


(sto) 


One hundred one 


Sto-jeden 


(sto Yeden) 


One hundred two 


Stodva 


(stodva) 


One hundred ten 


Stodesat' 


(stodYesatY) 


One hundred eleven 


Sto-jedonast' 


(sto-YedonAstY) 


One hundred twenty 


Sto dvadsat' 


(stodvadsatY) 



— 40 



One hundred thirty 


Stotridsat' 


(stotridsatY) 


One hundred forty 


Stostyridsat' 


(stoshtiridsatY) 


One hundred fifty 


Stopat'desiat 


(stopltYdYes-Yat) 


One hundred ninety 


Stodevat'desiatdevat' 


( stode vAtYdYes-Yat- 


nine 




dYevltY) 


Two hundred 


Dve-sto 


(dvesto) 


Three hundred 


Tristo 


(tristo) 


Four hundred 


Styristo 


(shtiristo) 


Five hundred 


Pat'sto 


(pAtYsto) 


One thousand 


Tisic 


(tYiseets) 


One thousand one 


Tisic-jeden 


(tYiseets-Yeden) 


One thousand one 


Tisic-sto 


(tYiseets-sto) 


hundred 






Two thousand 


Dvatisic 


(dvatYiseets) 


Three thousand 


Tritisic 


(tritYiseets) 


Ten thousand 


Desat'tisic 


(dYesatYtYiseets) 


One hundred thousand 


Stotisic 


(stotYiseets) 


Two hundred thousand 


Dvastotisic 


(dvastotYiseets) 


One million 


Million 


(millYon) 


Two m illions 


Dva milliony 


(dva millYoni) 


Ten millions 


Desat' millionov 


vdYesatY millYonov) 




ORDINAL NUMERALS 


First 


Prvy (m.), prva (f.), 
prve (n.) 


fprvee, prvA, prvE) 


Second 


Druhy, druha, druhe 


(druhee, druhA, 
druhE) 


Third 


Treti, tretia, tretie 


(tretYee, tretYYt, 
treYYe) 


Fourth 


Stvrty, stvrta, stvrte 


(shtvrtee, shtvrtA, 
shtvrtE) 


Fifth 


Piaty, -a, -e 


(pYatee, -A, -E) 


Sixth 


Siesty, -a, -e 


(shYestee, -A, -E) 


Seventh 


Siedmy, -a, -e 


(s-Yedmi, -a, -e) 


Eighth 


Osmy, -a, -e 


(WOsmi, -a, -e) 


Ninth 


Deviaty, -a, -e 


(dYevYati, -a, -e) 


Tenth 


Desiaty, -a, -e 


(dYes-Yati, -a, -e) 


Eleventh 


.Tedonasty, -a, -e 


(YedonAsti, -a, -e) 


Twelfth 


Pvanasty, -a, -e 


(dvanAsti, -a, -e) 


Thirteenth 


Trinasty, -a, -e 


(trinAsti, -a, -e) 


Fourteenth 


Strnasty, -a, -e 


(shtrnAsti, -a, -e) 


Fifteenth 


Patnasty, -a, -e 


(pAtnAsti, -a, -e) 


Twentieth 


Dvadsiaty, -a, -e 


(dvads-Yati, -a, -e) 






I 



41 



Twenty first 


Dvadsiaty prvy (m.) 


(dvads-Yati prvee) 




Dvadsiata prva (f.) 


(dvads-Yata prvA) 


1 


Dvadsiate prve (n.) 


(dvads-Yate prvE) 


Twenty second 


Dvadsiaty druhy 


(dvads-Yati druhee) 


Thirtieth 


Tridsiaty 


(trids-Yati) 


Fortieth 


Styridsiaty 


(shtirids-Yati) 


Fiftieth 


Pat'desiaty 


(pltYdYes-Yati) 


Sixtieth 


Sest'desiaty 


(shestYdYes-Yati) 


Seventieth 


Sedemdesiaty 


( sedYemd Yes- Yati ) 


Eightieth 


Osemdesiaty 


(osemdYes-Yati) 


Ninetieth 


Bevat'desiaty 


(dYevltYdYes-Yati) 


One hundredth 


Sty, stoty 


(stee, stotee) 


One hundred first 


Sto-prvy 


(sto prvee) 


Two hundredth 


Dvasty 


(dvastee) 


Three hundredth 


Tristy 


(tristee) 


One thousandth 


Tisici, -a -e 


(tYiseetsi, -a, -e) 


MULTIPLICATIVE NUMERALS 


Twofold 


Dvajnasobny, -a -e 


(dvoYnAsobnee, -A, 

-E) 
(troYnAsobnee, -A, 

(shtvornAsobnee, -A, 

(pAtYnAsobnee, -A, 

-E) 
( dYesatYnAsobnee, 


Threefold 


Trojnasobny, -a, -e 


Fourfold 


Stvornasobny, -a, -e 


Fivefold 


Pat'nasobny, -a, -e 


Tenfold 


Desat'nasobny, -a, -e 






-A, -E) 


One hundredfold 


Stonasobny, -a, -e 


(stonAsobnee, -A, -E) 


One thousandfold 


Tisicnasobny, -a, -e 


( t Yiseetsn Asobnee, 
-A, -E) 




ADVERBIAL NUMERALS 


Once 


Raz 


(raz) 


Twice 


Dva razy 


(dva razi) 


Thrice 


Tri razy 


(tri razi) 


Four times 


Styri razy 


(shtiri razi) 


Five times 


Pat' raz 


(pltY rlz) 


Six times 


Sest' raz 


(shestY rAz) 


Seven times 


Sedem raz 


(sedYem rAz) 


Eight times 


Osem raz 


(osem rAz) 


Nine times 


Devat raz 


(dYevAtY rAz) 


Ten times 


Desat' raz 


(dYesatY rAz) 



— 42 



PART III 

GRAMMAR 

DIVISION OF WORDS INTO SYLLABLES 

1. — Where only one consonant is found between two vowels 
the consonant belongs to the following vowel, thus : o-ko (eye), o-ko-lo 
(around). 

2. — In d ivision ignore the letters -1, -r, thus: mu-dry (wise), 
te-plo (warmth). 

3. — Two consonants between two vowels are divided, thus: ol- 
tar (altar). 

4. — Two vowels are separated when they are not compound 
vowels, thus : Ma-ri-a, Le-o, Ka-in. 

5. — The letters s and s are added to the following consonant or 
consonants, thus: ci-sty (pure, clean), tre-stny (punitive). 

6. — When more than two consonants are found between two vo- 
wels then the consonants (as a rule) are added to the following vowel, 
thus: je-stii (if). 

7. — Prefixes and suffixes are separated from the stem, thus: 
nad-u-zit' (to abuse), pod'-me (let us go). 



RULES FOR GENDER 

The best way to find out the gender of a Slovak word is to pre- 
fix the pronoun: ten, ta, to (as in German: der, die, das) to the word. 
"Ten" indicates the masculine, "ta" the feminine and "to" the 
neuter gender. Any Slovak should be able to correctly use this 
pronoun : ten, ta, to and thus it should not be hard to find the gender 
of any Slovak word. 

GENERAL RULES: 1) The following words are found in the 
masculine gender : names indicating male sex, names of months, words 
ending in "tel"', words ending in the consonants: b, d, ch, k, 1, n, p, 
r, s, t, v, z, — the major part of words ending in c, j, T, n (feminine 
are: noc — night, moc — might, vec — thing, pomoc — help, nemoc — 
sickness, obec — community) and some words ending in: -m, -s. 

2) The following words are found in the feminine gender: names 
of female sex, names ending in: c, d', dz, t', z. (Many of the words 
thus ending are of masculine gender), words ending in -a (excepting 



— 43 — 

names of men thus ending) and words used in plural with ending in -y 
(but not all of them) and in -e. 

3) The following words are found in the neuter gender: names 
ending -o, -e, -ie, -a, those ending in -a denoting young animals and 
young people and also : zviera (animal), diet'a (child), knieza (prince). 
The names of the alphabet are of neuter gender. 



DECLENSIONS 



The Slovak language has three genders: masculine, feminine, 
neuter. There are seven cases for both singular and plural in the 
Slovak language. They are: 

Nominative for the question: Who? What? 

Genitive for the question : Whose ? 

Dative for the question : To whom ? 

Accusative for the question : Whom ? What ? 

Vocative for addressing or exclamation, as: Gentlemen! (Pa- 
no via!) 

Local for the question: Where? At whom? At what? — This is 
almost always preceded by the preposition: v, vo (in), 
na (on). 

Instrumental for the question : With whom ? With what ? By what 
means ? 

MASCULINE MODELS 
The masculine models are : kral', dvor, sluha. 

MODEL "KRAL" (krAlY) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

N. kral' (king) krali, -ia, -ovia (the kings) 

G. kral'a (king's) kral'ov (of the kings) 

D. kral'ovi (to the king) kral'om (to the kings) 

A. kral'a (the king) kral'ov (the kings) 

V. kral'u, -e (0 king!) krali, -ia, -ovia (0 kings!) 

L. kral'ovi, -u, -li (in the king) kral'och (in the kings) 

I. kral'om (with the king) kral'ami, -mi, -li (with the kings) 

NOTE. The plural N. and V. are the same. 

According to "kral"' decline all nouns possessing life ending with 
consonants or the vowels "o" as in Duro (George). 

NOTE WELL. Any exceptions to this rule will be given when 
necessary. 



— 44 — 

MODEL "DVOR" 

SINGULAR 

N. dvor (yard) 

G. dvora, dvoru 

D. dvoru 

A. dvor 

V. dvoru, dvore 

L. dvore, dvoru, dvori 

I. dvorom 



(dvor) 

PLURAL 

dvory, dvore (yards) 

dvorov 

dvorom 

dvory, dvore 

dvory 

dvoroch 

dvorami, dvormi, dvory 



All nouns not possessing life and ending with consonants are 
declined as "dvor". 

MODEL "SLUHA" (sluha) 
SINGULAR PLURAL 



N. sluha (male-servant) 


sluhovia 


G. sluhu 


sluhov 


D. sluhovi 


sluhom 


A. sluhu 


sluhov 


V. sluha 


sluhovia 


L. sluhovi 


sluhoch 


I. sluhom 


sluhami 



All masculine nouns ending in "-a" are declined according to 
"sluha". 



FEMININE MODELS 

The feminine models are: ryba (fish), ulica (street), dlan (palm 
of hand), kost' (bone). 

MODEL "RYBA" (riba) 
SINGULAR PLURAL 



N. ryba 
G. ryby 
D. rybe 
A. rybu 
V. rybo 
L. rybe 
I. rybou 



ryby 

ryb 

rybam 

ryby 

ryby 

lybach 

rybami 






— 45 — 

MODEL "ULICA" (ulitsa) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

N. ulica ulice 

G. ulice ulic 

D. ulici uliciam 

A. ulicu ulice 

V. ulico ulice 

L. ulici uliciach 

I. ulicou ulicami 

Decline all feminine nouns ending in "a" preceded by a hard 
consonant (b, d, g, h, k, 1, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, z) according to "ryba". 

Decline all feminine nouns ending in "a" preceded by a 
consonant (c, c, d", dz, dz, j, s, t', z) according to " ulica". 

MODEL "DLAN" (dlanY) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

N. dlan dlane 

G. dlane dlani 

D. dlani dlaniam 

A. dlan dlane 

V. dlan dlane 

L. dlani dlaniach 

I. dlanou dlanami 

Decline all feminine nouns ending in "n" and ending in "j" 
according to "dlan", and also: kradez, (theft), mladez (youth), lu- 
pez (robbery), obec (community), pec (stove), zem (earth, ground). 

MODEL "KOST" (kostY) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

N. kost? kosti 

G. kosti kosti 

D. kosti kostiam 

A. kostf kosti 

V. kost kosti 

L. kosti kostiach 

I. kostou kost'ami 

Decline all feminine nouns ending in t', st, si?, d', dz, v, p, r, c, 
s, z, c, s, z and sol' (salt) and mysel' (mind) according to "kost". See 
exceptions under "dlan". 



— 46 — 

NEUTER MODELS 

The neuter models are: delo (cannon, gun), piece (shoulder), 
obilie (grain, cereals), jahna (lamb). 





MODEL 


"DELO" 


(dYelo) 


'■^" ^ 


SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


V 


N. delo 




dela 


■*' 


G. dela 




diel 


toJU' 


D. delu 




delam 




A. delo 




dela 




V. delo 




dela 




L. dele, delu 




delach 




I. delom 




delami, dely 



Decline all neuter nouns ending in "o" and plurals ending in 
"a" according to "delo". 

MODEL "PLECE" (plYetse) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

N. piece plecia 

G. pleca pliec 

D. plecu pleciam 

A. piece plecia 

V. piece plecia 

L. pleci pleciach 

I. plecom plecami, pleci 

Decline all neuter nouns ending in "e" as "piece". 

MODEL "OBILIE" (obilYYe) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

N. obilie obilia 

G. obilia obili 

D. obiliu obiliam 

A. obilie obilia 

V. obilie obilia 

L. obili obiliach 

I. obilim obiliami 

Decline all neuter nouns ending in "ie" as "obilie". 






SINGULAR 


FIRST 1 


N. jahna 


jahnata 


G. jahnat'a 


jahniat 


D. jahnat'u 


jahnatam 


A. jahiia 


jahnata 


V. jahna 


jahnata 


L. jahnati 


jahnatach 


I. jahnat'om 


jahnaty, j 



— 47 — 

MODEL "JAHNA" (YahnYa) 

JRAL SECOND PLURAL 

jahnence 
jahneniec 
jahnenciam 
jahnence 
jahnence 
jahnenciach 
jahnaty, jahnatami jahnenci, jahnencami 

Decline all neuter nouns ending in "a", "a" denoting young 
people, young animals as "jahna". 

As to the declension of FOREIGN WORDS, notice the gender 
and ending — and decline according to rules already given. This 
may not be entirely correct, but one surely will be understood. 

DECLENSION OP ADJECTIVES 

The ending of adjectives for the nominative singular masculine 
gender is "y" or "i", for the feminine gender "a" or "ia", for the 
neuter gender "e" or "ie". 

These are declined as the noun which they modify -i. e. are of 
the same gender, number and case. 

The models are: pekny (beautiful, nice), bozi (godly, divine), 
otcov (father's). 



MODEL "PEKNY" (peknee) 





SINGULAR 




MASCULINE 


FEMININE 


NEUTER 


N. pekny 


pekna 


pekne 


G. pekneho 


peknej 


pekneho 


D. peknemu 


peknej 


peknemu 


A. pekneho 


peknu 


pekne 


pekny (for inanimate) 






V. pekny 


pekna 


. pekne 


L. peknom 


peknej 


peknom 


I. peknym 


peknou 


peknym 





— 48 — 






PLURAL 




N. pekni 


pekne 


Neuter is the 


pekne (of inanimate) 




same as the 


G. peknych 


peknych 


feminine. 


D. peknym 


peknym 




A. peknych 


pekne 




pekne (of inanimate) 






V. pekni 


pekne 




pekne (of inanimate) 






L. peknych 


peknych 




J. peknym 


peknymi 




Decline all adjectives where the ending of the nominative mas- 


culine gender is "f" or "i", preceded by a hard consonant, as "pek- 


ny" is declined. 






MODEL "BOZI" (bozYee) 






SINGULAR 




MASCULINE 


FEMININE 


NEUTER 


N. bozi 


bozia 


bozie 


G. bozieho 


bozej 


bozieho 


D. boziemu 


bozej 


boziemu 


A. bozieho 


bozhi 


bozie 


bozi (of inanimate) 






V. bozi 


bozia 


bozie 


L. bozom 


bozej 


bozom 


I. bozim 


boziu 
PLURAL 


bozim 


]N. bozi 


bozie 


Neuter is the 


bozie (of inanimate) 




same as the 


G. bozieh 


bozieh 


feminine. 


D. bozim 


bozim 




A. bozieh 


bozie 




bozie (of inanimate) 






V. bozi 


bozie 




bozie (of inanimate) 






L. bozieh 


bozieh 




I. bozimi 


bozimi 





Decline all adjectives as "bozi" where the ending "i" or "ie" 
is preceded by a soft consonant, namely by: c, d, dz, P, n, s, f, z, c, 



49 — 



dz, j. Remember that the letters d, t, 1, n are soft when followed by 
an i, i, e. 

NOTE that the main difference of ending in the declension of 
"pekny" and "bozi" is that the latter takes i and ie instead of y and 
e as in the former. 



MODEL "OTCOV" (otsov) 
SINGULAR 



MASCULINE 


FEMININE 


N. otcov 


otcova 


G. otcovho 


otcovej 


D. otcovmu 


otcovej 


A. otcovho 


otcovu 


otcov (of inanimate) 




V. otcov 


otcova 


L. otcovom 


otcovej 


I. otcovym 


otcovou 




PLURAL 


N. otcovi 


otcove 


otcove (of inanimate) 




G. otcovych 


otcovych 


D. otcovym 


otcovym 


A. otcovych 


otcove 


otcove (of inanimate) 




V. otcovi 


otcove 


otcove (of inanimate) 




L. otcovych 


otcovych 


I. otcovymi 


otcovymi 



NEUTER 

otcovo 
otcovho 
otcovmu 
otcovo 

otcovo 

otcovom 

otcovym 



Neuter is the 

same as the 

feminine. 



Decline all the possessive adjectives ending in "-ov, -ova, -ovo" 
and in "-in, -ina, -ino" according to "otcov". 

DUAL instrumental ends in -"ma" instead of the regular -"mi", 
as: Tvojima ocima (with thy eyes). 

NOTE. There are no articles in the Slovak language as in English. 
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES 

To form the comparative add to the stem of the adjective -"ejsi" 
or "si" for the masculine gender, -"ejsia" or "sia" for the femi- 
nine and -"ejsie" or "sie" for the neuter gender. Illustration: mudry 
(wise), mudrejsi (wiser). 



— 50 



The superlative is formed by prefixing "NAJ" to the compara- 
tive, ^lustration : The comparative of mudry is mudrejsi and the 
superlative is najmudrejsi (wisest). 

Where the ending of an adjective in "ky, oky, cky" is preceded 
by the letters s or z, there the s and z change in the comparative and 
superlative into s or z and the k into s. Illustrations: nizky (low), 
nizsi (lower), najnizsi (lowest) ; vysoky (high), vyssi (higher), naj- 
vyssi (highest). 

There are some exceptions to these rules. 

Keep in mind these rules and remember at least these exceptions : 
dobry (good), lepsi (better), najlepsi (best) 
zly (bad), horsi (worse), najhorsi (worst) 

maly (small, little), mensi (smaller, less), najmensi (smallest, least) 

vel'ky (large), v&csi (larger), najvacsi (largest) 

RULE : Whenever the adjective is made emphatic by a prefix 

as : pra-, pre-, pri-, na- or a suffix as : -izny, -ansky, -icky, -ucky, -inky, 

-unky, -usky it should not be placed in the comporative or superlative 

degree. 



DECLENSION OP PERSONAL PRONOUNS 



N. ja 



(I) 



G. mna, ma (of me) 

D. mne, mi (to me) 

A. mna, ma (me) 

V. ja (I) 

L. mne (in me) 



SINGULAR 

ty 

teba, t'a 
tebe, ti 



(thou) 
(of thee) 
(to thee) 



teba, t'a (thee) 



Reflexive 

seba, (of self) 

sebe, si (to self) 
seba, sa (self) 



ty 
tebe 



(thou) 
(in thee) 



?ebe 



I. mnou (with me) tebou (with thee) sebou 



(in self) 
(with self) 



PLURAL 



N. my 
G. nas 
D. nam 
A. nas 
V. my 
L. nas 
1. nami 



(we) vy 

(of us) vas 

(to us) vam 

(us) vas 

(we) vy 

(in us) vas 

(with us) vami 



(you) 
(of you) 
(to you) 
(you) 
(you) 
(in you) 
(with you) 



The plural reflexive 

is the same as its 

singular. 



The reflexive "sa, seba" answers the English "self, ©neself, 
itself" and the like, even with regard to the reflexive verb. The only 
difference between "sa" and "seba" is that the latter is more 
emphatic. 

NOTE. In some dialects "se" (she) is incorrectly used in the 
place of "sa". 



— 51 — 

ON (HE), ONA (SHE), ONO (IT) 
MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER 



Without 


With 


Without 


With 


Without 


With 


preposition 


preposition 


preposition 


preposition 


preposition 


preposition 






SINGULAR 








N. on 




ona 




ono 






G. jeho, ho 


neho 


jej 


nej 


jeho, 


ho 


neho 


D. jemu, mu 


nemu 


jej 


nej 


jemu, 


mu 


nemu 


A. jeho, ho 


neho 


ju 


riu 


ho 






V. on 




ona 




ono 






L. nom 


(v)nom 




nej 






nom 


I. nim 


nim 


nou 


nou 


nim 




nim 






PLURAL 








N. oni 




ony 




ony 






ony (of ina 














nimate) 














G. ich 


nich 


ich 


nich 


ich 




nich 


D. im 


nim 


im 


nim 


im 




nim 


A. ich 


nich, ne 


ich 


ne 


ich 




ne 


V. oni 




ony 




ony 






ony (of ina 














nimate) 














L. nich 


nich 


nich 


nich 


nich 




(v) nich 


I. nimi 


nimi 


nimi 


nimi 


nimi 




(s) nimi 



DECLENSION OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: 

MO J (MY, MINE), TVOJ (THY, THINE), SVOJ (YOUR, YOUR'S, 

MY, MINE, OWN) 



MASCULINE 

N. moj 

G. mojho, mojeho 
D. mojmu, mojemu 
A. mojho, mojeho 

moj (of inanimate) 
V. moj 
L. mojom 
I. mojim 



SINGULAR 




FEMININE 


NEUTER 


moj a 


moje 


mo jej 


mojho, mojeho 


mojej 


mojmu, mojemu 


moju 


moje 


moj a 


moje 


mojej 


mojom 


mojou 


mojim 



N. moji 
G. mojich 
D. mojim 
A. mojich 

moje (of inanimate) 
V. moji 
L. mojich 
I. mojimi 



— 52 — 

PLURAL 

moje 
mojich 
moje 
moje 

mojim 
mojich 
mojimi 



As feminine. 






Decline tvoj (tvoja, tvoje), svoj (svoja, svoje), nas (our, ours), 
vas (your, yours) as "moj, moja, moje" is declined. 

DECLENSION OP DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS 

TEN (THAT), TA (THAT), TO (THAT) 



NEUTER 

to 

toho 

tomu 

to 

to 

torn 

tym 

As feminine. 



MASCULINE 


FEMININE 


N. ten 


ta 


G. toho 


tej 


D. tomu 


tej 


A. toho 


tu 


ten (of inanimate) 




V. ten 


ta 


L. torn 


tej 


I. tym 


tou 




PLURAL 


N. ti 


tie, te 


tie, te (of 




inanimate) 




G. tych 


tych 


D. tym 


tym 


A. tych 


tie, te 


tie, te (of 




inanimate) 




V. As the Nom. 


tie, te 


L. tych 


tych 


I. tymi 


tymi 



NOTE ; Ten, ta, to-may have a prefix or suffix. This prefix or 
suffix is not declined, only the ten, ta, to. Illustrations : The Genitive 
of tento (this), tato, toto is tohoto, tejto, tohoto; the Genitive of tam- 
ten (yonder) is tamtoho, tamtej, tamtoho. 



— 53 



DECLENSION OF INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS 

KTO (WHO) ? Co (WHAT) ? 
SINGULAR AND PLURAL 

N. kto co 

G. koho coho 

D. komu comu 

A. koho co 

V. kto co 

L. kom com 

I . kym cim 

The interrogative pronoun ci, cia, cie (whose) is declined ac- 
cording to "bozi". The pronouns: ky, ktory, niektory, daktory, 
ktorykol'vek, aky, jaky, akysi, nijaky, vselijaky, ziadny (none), ka- 
zdy (everyone), samy, ciry etc. are declined as "pekny". 

DECLENSION OF CARDINAL NUMERALS 

1) DECLENSION OF JEDEN (ONE), JEDNA (ONE), 

JEDNO (ONE) 

SINGULAR 



MASCULINE 


FEMININE NEUTER 


N. jeden, jedon 


jedna jedno 


G. jedneho, jednoho 


jednej jedneho, jednoho 


D. jednemu, jednomu 


jednej jednemu, jednomu 


A. jedneho, jedon 


jednu j,edno 


V. jeden, jedon 


jedna jedno 


L. jednom 


jednej jednom 


I. jednym 


jednou jednym 




PLURAL 




FEMININE AND NEUTER 


N. jedni, jedny, jedne 


jedny, jedne 


G. jednych 


jednych 


D. jednym 


jednym 


A. jednych, jedny, jedne 


jedny, jedne 


V. As Nom. 


jedny, jedne 


L. jednych 


jednych 


I. jednymi 


jednymi 



NOTE : ''Jeden" concerns the living, the jedon and its declension 
the inanimate, though even this may be used for the living. One will 
never make a noticeable mistake if he uses jeden and its declension 
throughout. 

Decline vsetok (genitive: vsetkeho) as jeden. 



— 54 — 

2) DECLENSION OF DVA (TWO), DVE (TWO). 

PLURAL 

MASCULINE FEMININE AND NEUTER 

N. dva, dvaja (of men) dve 

G. dvoch dvoch 

D. dvom dvom 

A. dva, dvoch (of men) dve 

V. dva, dvaja dve 

L. dvoch dvoch 

I. dvoma dvoma 

Decline oba, obaja, obidva (both), tri (three), styri (four) as 
"dva, dve". 

3) DECLENSION OF NUMERALS FROM FIVE TO NINETY 

NINE (5—99) 

DECLENSION OF PAT (FIVE) 

PLURAL 

N. pat', piati (of men) patoro, patori or patoria (of men) 

G. piatich patorych 

D. piatim patorym 

A. pat', piatich (of men) patoro, patori or patoria (of men) 

V. pat', piati (of men) patoro, patori or patoria (of men) 

L. piatich patorych 

I. piatimi patorymi 

RULE : Decline the numerals from five on to ninety nine as "pat". 

NOTE : The numerals can be used undeclined. In this case the 
noun is placed in genitive plural, otherwise they agree with their 
noun in case. 

4) DECLENSION OF STO (ONE HUNDRED) AND TISIC 
(ONE THOUSAND) 

SINGULAR 

N. sto tisic 

G. sta tisica 

D. stu tisicu 

A. sto tisic 

V. sto tisic 

L. stu tisicu 

I. stom tisicom 



55 





PLURAL 




N. 


eta 


tisice 


G. 


stov 


tisicov 


D. 


stam 


tisicom 


A. 


sta 


tisice 


V. 


sta 


tisice 


L. 


stach 


tisicoeh 


I. 


stami 


tisicami 



NOTE: Decline tisic also as "pat". 

RULE: The ORDINALS (except treti — third and tisici — 
thousandth) are declined as — pekny — and all other numerals 
having the nominative masculine gender ending in "y". 



PREPOSITIONS 

Some prepositions serve as prefixes in the English words and 
deserve the same attension as such i. e. not as real prepositions but 
as modifiers of words. So when one speaks of the prepositions these 
— connected prepositions with words (e. g. inhabitant, bystander, 
withhold) — are not considered at all. It is therefore the real pre- 
positions that count. 

These prepositions require certain cases of declension (just as 
they do in Latin or German). Some of the prepositions require more 
than one case and then naturally their meaning is also somewhat 
changed. 

The following prepositions take the GENITIVE: bez (without), 
dl'a (according to, by,) podl'a (beside, according to), vedl'a (next to), 
do (into, to, in, until), kolo, (round, around), okolo (about, rounda- 
bout), vokol (all around), krem (besides), okrem (besides), mimo 
(aside from, besides, outside of), pomimo (by, alongside of, past), 
u (at, close by, near), od (from, since), z (out of, out from), zo (out 
of, out from), s or so (with, from above), zpoza (from behind), zpo- 
medzi (from between, from among), ponize (beneath, lower-down), 
odo (from), zpopod (from beneath) and all compound preposition 
beginning with "z", (miesto, instead of), blizko (close to, near, next 
to), nasledkom (in consequence of), pocas (during) etc. 

DATIVE follows the following prepositions: k, ku (to), vzdor, 
navzdor (in spite of), proti, oproti (against), naproti (opposite to, 
against), napriek (notwithstanding), k voli (for the sake of), v ustre- 
ty (towards, usually in the sense of "to go to m eet-'). 

ACCUSATIVE follows these prepositions : cez, cez, prez (through, 
over, across), pre (for), medzi (into, among, between), na (on, upon, 



— 56 — 

for, towards), nad (over, above, beyond), o (about, of, at, round), 
po (after; for; until, to; by, from; in, about, over), pod (under), 
popod (underneath), pred (before), za (for; in, within; behind, bey- 
ond, across), skrz, skrze, kroz (through, by, by means of), v, vo (into), 
s, so (about). 

LOCATIVE follows theses prepositions: na (on, upon, over), 
o (about, of, at, on), po (for, at, through), pri (by, at, close to, with), 
popri (besides, by, next to), v, vo (in). 

The following prepositions take instrumental: medzi (among, 
between), nad (over, above, beyond), pod (under), s, so (with, by, 
by means of), pred (before, ago), za (after, behind). 

CONJUNCTIONS COMMONLY USED 

A, aj (and), aj, i (also, too), tiez (also), ani — ani (neither — nor), 
nielen — ale aj (not only — but also), alebo — alebo, abo — abo (either — 
or), preto (therefore), ale (but), jakmile, jaknahle (as soon as), vsak, 
a vsak (yet, however), ponevac (because, whereas), jako, ako, jak (as, 
than), aby (that, in order that), ledaze (unless), acprave, ackol'vek 
(although, though), ci — alebo (whether — or), tak — ze (so — that), 
nez (than), tak — jak (as — as), aj — aj, i — i (both — and), sta (as), 
bud' — bud' (either — or), cim — tym (the — the), jestli, jestlize (if), ale- 
bo, abo (or), viae — nez (more — than), ci (whether, or), predsa (never- 
theless, still, after all, however), keby (if), jakoby, jakby, akoby, 
akby (as if, if), ze, zeby (that, in order that), preto, zato (therefore, 
on that account, that is why), totizto, namely, that is to say, viz.), 
sice (true, indeed, so, certainly — This sice never stays alone). 

ADVERBS COMMONLY USED 

ADVERBS OF TIME. Teraz (now), vcul' (now), odteraz (from 
now on, from this time), doteraz, dovcul' (up to this time), skoro 
(soon, quickly, early), neskoro (late), dotial' (so far, thus far), dnes 
(to-day), vcera (yesterday), zajtra (to-morrow), uz (already), uz 
davno (long ago), kedy (when), vtedy (then), nikdy (never), hned', 
zaraz (at once, immediately), este nie (not yet), prave teraz (just 
now), stale, neustale, neprestajne (constantly), naveky (for ever), 
vzdy (always), denne (daily), mesacne (monthly), tyzdenne (weekly), 
rocne (annually), polrocne (semi-annually), vcas (in time), niekedy, 
casom (sometimes, occasionally), kedykol'vek (whenever, any time), 
predtym (formerly, before). 

NOTE : Adverbs may be formed from adjectives by replacing 
the last "-y" with an "-o" or "-e", as: dlhy (long), dlho (long), 
casty (often , frequent), casto (often, frequently), okamzite 
(instantly). 



. 



57 



» 
cr 



ADVERBS OF MANNER AND MEASURE. Vsetko (all), vel'a, 
noho (much), dobre (well), zle (badly, ill), tajne, potajomky (se- 
retly), dobrovol'ne (voluntarily), l'ahko (easily, lightly), velmi 
very), spolu, dovedna (together), malo (a little), bezmala (nearly, 
almost), raz (once), tak (so), dajako (some way, in some manner), 
inak, inac (otherwise, in a different way), nijako (nohow), zrazu, 
odrazu (suddenly, unexpectedly), znova, znovu, zase (again, anew), 
naozaj (truly, surely), nahlas (aloud), vobec (in general, at all), na- 
opak (vice versa), len (only, but), urcite (definitely, positively), 
kol'ko (how much, how many), tol'ko (so much, so many), trochu, 
troska (a little), celkom (in full, fully), pekne (nicely), sotva, ledva 
(hardly), postupne (gradually), pomaly (slowly), opatrne, pozorne 
(carefully). 

NOTE : The above mentioned adverbs mostly end in -o, -e, -y. 
With -y end especially those adjectives that end in -sky. 

ADVERBS OF PLACE. Blizo, blizko (near, close by), d'aleko 
(far), doma (at home), dolu, dole (down), hore, nehore (up, above), 
sdola (from down), shora (from above), okolo, kolom, vokol (around, 
about), dnu (inside), von, vonku, vonka (out, outside), vsade (every- 
where), tu, tuna (here, in this place), sem (here, to this place), inde 
(elsewhere), tade, tadial' (that way, in that direction), kdesi (some- 
where), niekde (somewhere), nikde (nowhere), kdekol'vek (any 
place, anywhere). 

MIXED ADVERBS: ba (indeed, sure), nie (no), t'azko (hardly), 
rad, milerad, vd'acne (gladly, with pleasure), iste, isteze (certainly, 
of course), kazdym sposobom, na kazdy pad (by all means), ano, hej 
(yes), opravdu, ovsem (truly, to be sure, of course), snad', asnad' 
(perhaps), veru (verily, truly). 

INTERJECTIONS 

(Oh) ! — ah, ach (ah, oh) ! — aj, ej (eigh) ! — hej (hallow, 
heigh-ho) ! — jaj (oh, alack, woe) ! — fuj (fy, shame, pshaw) ! — bac 
(bang) ! — prec (away) ! — hore (up, get up) ! — pre Boha (for God's 
sake) ! — bohuzial' (alas) ! — beda (woe) ! — 6 (o) ! — hl'a, ejhl'a 
(behold) ! — Na (that is for thee) ! — l'a, l'al'a, hl'a, hl'ad'ze (la, look, 
behold) ! — Ura, hurah (hurra, hurrah) ! — uh (oh) ! — ha, haha, 
hahaha (hah) ha, haw-haw) ! — Boh chran, Boze chrafi (God forbid) ! 
— pif, paf, puf (bang, puff) ! — Boze moj, moj Boze (my God) ! — 
pozor (look out, have care, attention) ! — ticho (silence) ! — nemozno 
(impossible) ! — pst (tut, silence) ! — vitajte (welcome) ! — pomoc, 
rata (help) ! — hafiba (shame) ! — nech zije (long live) ! — 



— 58 — 

CONJUGATION 

Before taking up the conjugation of Slovak verbs something 
must be said about them in a general way. Divide the verbs into 
two classes: transitive (akkusativne, priechodne) and intransive 
(inopadne, nepriechodne). The verbs are transitive when they need 
an object to complete their meaning (usually answering the question : 
Whom? What?) and they are intransitive when they do not need an 
object to complete their meaning (e. g. The crowd cheered). 

We can use only the transitive verbs in both the active and the 
passive voice (v cinnom a v trpnom stave). The voice (stav) shows 
us whether the verb acts or is acted upon. — The passive voice is 
seldom used in Slovak sentences. 

NUMBER AND PERSON 
(Cislo a osoba) 

The numbers and persons are the same as in English : first, second, 
third person in both singular and plural. 

TENSE (CAS) 

The Slovak tenses are : present, past, future and past perfect. 
The Slovak present stands for the English primary, secondary and 
progressive present tense. The past stands for the English primary 
and progressive past tense. The future answers the English future 
tenses. The past perfect tense corresponds with the English. For 
the secondary or future perfect in English one may use the Slovak 
future with: az (when), uz (already) prefixed to it. 

The one future tense in Slovak is formed in two ways : one is by 
prefixing : na-, pre-, po-, roz-, vy- etc. to the present tense (thus : vo- 
lam — I call, povolam — I shall call) ; the other by using the future 
tense of the auxiliary verb — byt? (to be) — with the infinitive of 
the verb (thus: budem jest' — I shall eat). 

EULE: THE INFINITIVE IN ALL THE SLOVAK VERBS 
ENDS IN — f (thus: jest', pit'). 

NOTE: Instead of this correct ending -t' one may hear -c (ts), 
-t, or -c (ch) which is used in some dialects. 

REMARK. The infinitive in the Russian verbs ends in : -t or -ti ; 
in Polish in -cz (which sounds as the English -ch in cheap, ouch) ; in 
the other Slav languages either this way or in hard -t). 

Remember, however, that these tenses are used even if the verbs 
undergo some changes. The changes occur quite frequently and then 



— 59 — 

the meaning of the verbs is modified. Thus they may take the forms 
of : inchoactives (poeinacie — as : mladnut' — to grow young) , dura- 
tives (trvacie — as: niest' — to carry), continuitives (pokracovacie 

— as: nosim — I carry now and for a while), iteratives (opakovacie 

— as: nosievat' — to use to carry). 

MODE (SPOSOB) 

Mode is the form of a verb that indicates the manner of express- 
ing thought. Thus the mode may be : indicative (ukazovaci — as : 
Ste dobry — You are good), conditional (podmienovaci — as: Keby 
som bol — If I were), imperative (rozkazovaci — as: Robte rychle! 

— Work fast!). 

CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB "BYT" (TO BE) 

INDICATIVE MODE 

PRESENT TENSE (PRITOMNY CAS) 





SINGULAR 






PLURAL 


1. 


som (I am) 


1. 


sme (we are) 


2- 


si (thou art) 


2. 


ste 


(you are) 


3. 


je, jest (he, she, it is) 


3. 


su 


(they are) 




PAST TENSE (MINULY CAS) 




SINGULAR 






PLURAL 




I was, I have been 






We were, we have been 




1. bol som m. 






1. boli sme m. 




bola som f. 






boly sme f. n. 




bolo som n. 










2. bol si m. 






2. boli ste m. 




bola si f. 






boly ste f. n. 




bolo si n. 










3. bol m. 






3. boli m. 




bola f. 






boly f. n. 




bolo n. 









PAST PERFECT TENSE (DAVNOMINULY CAS) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

I had been We had been 

1. bol som bol m. 1. boli sme boli m. 

bola som bola f . boly sme boly f. n. 

bolo som bolo n. 



— 60 — 



2. bol si bol m. 
bola si bola f. 
bolo si bolo n. 

3. bol on bol m. 
bola ona bola f. 
bolo ono bolo n. 



2. boli ste boli m. 
boly ste boly f . n. 

3. boli oni boli m. 
boly ony boly f. n. 



FUTURE TENSE (BUDUCI CAS) 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

I shall be We shall be 

1. buclem 1. budeme 

2. budes 2. budete 

3. bude 3. budti 

NOTE. The future perfect is not used in Slovak. However, it 
may be formed by prefixing "az" to the Slovak future, as for ex- 



amples: az budem- 
written. 



-I shall have been, az napisem — I shall have 



CONDITIONAL MODE 
PRESENT 
SINGULAR PLURAL 

I should be We should be 

1. bol by som m. 1. boli by sme n. 
bola by som f. boly by sme f. n. 
bolo by som n. 

2. bol by si m. 2. boli by ste m. 
bola by si f. boly by ste f. n. 
bolo by si n. 

3. bol by m. 3. boli by m. 
bola by f . boly by f . n. 
bolo by n. 

NOTE. The m. stands for masculine, the f. for feminine and the 
n. for neuter gender. 



PAST 



SINGULAR 
I should have been 
1. bol by som bol m. 

bola by som bola f. 

bolo by som bolo n. 



PLURAL 
We should have been 
1. boli by sme boli m. 
boly by sme boly f. n. 









— 61 — 

2. bol by si bol m, 2. boli by ste boli ni. 
bola by si bol a f. boly by ste boly f. n. 
bolo by si bolo n. 

3. bol by bol m. 3. boli by boli m. 
bola by bola f. boly by boly f. n. 
bolo by bolo n. 

IMPERATIVE MODE 
SINGULAR PLURAL 

1. 1. bud'me (let us be) 

2. bud' (be thou) 2. bud'te (be ye) 

3. nech bude, (let him, 3. neeh budu, (let them 
nech je her, it be) nech su be) 

Infinitive (neurcitok) : byt' (to be) 

Present participle (priechodnik pritomny) : sue (being) 

Present adjectival participal: suci (m. being), suca (f. being), 
suce (n. being) 

Past participle: bol (he has been), bola (she has been), bolo 
(it has been) 

Past adverbial participle : byvsi (having been) 

Past adjectival participle : byvsi, byvsia, byvsie (having been) 

VERBAL NOUN: bytie (the being) 

NOTE : Decline the adjectival participles as the adjectives in 
Slovak. 

NOTE : The past adverbial and adjectival participle is not used 
in conversation. 

SUBJUNCTIVE MODE 

The subjunctive mode is not used in the Slovak language. This 
subjunctive sense is expressed by: jestli (if), ked' (if, when), jak (if), 
jakby (if), keby (if), ze (that), ci (whether). Illustration: Jestli 
som kra! — If I be a king. Keby som bol kra! — If I were a king. 

CLASSES OF VERBS 

The Slovak verbs are divided into five classes according to the 
letter preceding the infinitive or final -t'. The ending -t' of a verb 
indicates its infinitive. 



— 62 — 

The classes of verbs end in : 

1.— at' 

2.— et' 

3.— it' or — yf 

4. — ut' or tit' 

5. — st', — zt' or — ct' 

The classes are divided into groups. 

The first class is divided into four groups : 

a) model: volat' (to call) — volam (I call or I am calling) 

b) model : hrabat' (to rake) — hrabem (I rake or I am raking) 

c) model: drzat' (to hold) — drzim (I hold or I am holding) 

d) model: milovat' (to love) — milujem (I love or I am loving) 

The second class is divided into three groups: 

a) model: tret' (to rub) — trem (I rub or I am rubbing) 

b) model: rozumet' (to undertand) — rozumiem (I understand 
or I am understanding) 

c) model : myslet' (to think) — my slim (I think or I am thinking) 

The third class is divided into two groups : 

a) model : cut (to hear) — cujem (I hear or I am hearing) 

b) model: pit' (to drink) — pijem (I drink or I am drinking) 

The fourth class is divided into two groups : 

a) model : cut' (to h ear) — cujem (I hear or I am hearing) 

b) model: vrhnut' (to throw, to hurl) — vrhnem (I throw or 
I am throwing) 

The fifth class has only one model: niest' (to carry, to bear) — ne- 
siem (I carry or I am carrying) 

CONJUGATION OF THE FIRST CLASS OF VERBS 

MODEL: VOLAT 

ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 





PRESENT 




SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


I call 




We call 


1. vol-am 




vol-ame 


2. vol-as 




vol-a te 


3. vol-a 




vol-aju 



63 — 



PAST 



I called or 
I have called 

1. vol-al som m. 
vol-ala som f. 
vol-alo som n. 



2. 



3. 



vol-al si m. 
vol-ala si f . 
vol-alo si n. 

vol-al m. 
vol-ala f# 
vol-alo n. 



We called or 
we have called 

vol-ali sme m. 
vol-aly sme f. 
vol-aly sme n. 

vol-ali ste m. 
vol-aly ste f. 
vol-aly ste n. 

vol-ali m. 
vol-aly f. 
vol-aly n. 



PAST PERFECT 



I had called 



1. vol-al som bol m. 
vol-ala som bola f. 
vol-alo som bolo n. 

2. vol-al si bol m. 
vol-ala si bola f. 
vol-alo si bolo n. 

3. vol-al bol m. 
vol-ala bola f. 
bol-alo bolo n. 



We had called 

vol-ali sme boli m. 
vol-aly sme boly f. 
vol-aly sme boly n. 

vol-ali ste boli m. 
vol-aly ste boly f. 
vol-aly ste boly n. 

vol-ali boli m. 
vol-aly boly f. 
vol-aly boly n. 



FUTURE 



I shall call or 

I shall have called 

1. budem volat' 

2. budes volat' 

3. budete volat' 



We shall call or 
we shall have called 

budeme volat' 
budete volat' 
budu volat' 



CONDITIONAL MODE 
PRESENT 



I should call 



1. by som volal m. 
by som volala f . 
by som volalo n. 



We should call 

by sme volali m. 
by sme volaly f. 
by sme volaly n. 



— 64 — 



2. by si volal m. 
by si volala f. 
by si volalo n. 

3. by volal m. 
by volala f . 
by volalo n. 



I should have called 

1. by som bol volal m. 
by som bola volala f. 
by som bolo volalo n. 

2. by si bol volal 
by si bola volala 
by si bolo volalo 

3. by bol volal 
by bola volala 
by bolo volalo 



PAST 



by ste volali m. 
by ste volaly f . 
by ste volaly n. 

by volali m. 
by volaly f. 
by volaly n. 



We should have called 

by sme boli volali m. 
by sme boly volaly f. 
by sme boly volaly n. 

by ste boli volali m. 
by ste boly volaly f. n. 



by boli volali 

by boly volaly f. n. 



IMPERATIVE MODE 



1. 

2. vol-aj 

3. nech vol-a 



(call thou) 
(let him, her, 
it call) 



vol-ajme 
vol-ajte 
nech vol-ajti 



(let us call) 

(call ye) 

(let them call) 



Infinitive : volat' (to call) 

Present participle : vol-ajtic (calling) 

Present adjectival participle: volajtiei, volajuca, volajuce 

Past participle: volal m., volala f., volalo n. (called) 

Past adverbial participle : volavsi (having called) 

Past adjectival participle : volavsi m., volavsia f., volavsie n. 

VERBAL NOUN: Volanie (the calling). 

NOTE : It will do to know only one form, the masculine, in the 
past tenses plural. The reason of this is that in the spoken language 
the difference of the gender is practically not noticed here at all. 



PASSIVE VOICE 

The passive voice is seldom used in Slovak sentences, 
used in sentences which have no definite subject. 



Yet it is 



65 



The passive voice is formed by the auxiliary verb "bytf" (to be) 
or "by vat"' (accustomed to be) and the passive past adjectival par- 
ticiple. This participle ends in -y (m.), -a (f.) e (n.) for instance: 
volany (called), volana (called), volane (called). 



INDICATIVE MODE 



I am called 

1. som volany m. 
som volana f . 
som volane n. 

2. si volany m. 
si volana f . 
si volane n. 

3. je volany m. 
je volana f. 
je volane n. 



PRESENT 



We are called 

sme volani m. 
sme volane 
sme volane n. 

ste volani m. 
ste volane f. 
ste volane n. 

su volani m. 
su volane f . n. 



PAST 



I was called 

1. bol som volany m. 
bola som volana f. 
bolo som volane n. 

2. bol si volany m. 
bola si volana f. 
bolo si volane n. 

3. bol volany m. 
bola volana f. 
bolo volane n. 



We were called 

boli sme volani m. 
boly sme volane f. n. 

boli ste volani m. 
boly ste volane f. n. 

boli volani m. 
boly volane f. n. 



I had been called 



PAST PERFECT 

We had been called 



1. bol som bol volany 
bola som bola volana 
bolo som bolo volane 

2. bol si bol volany 
bola si bola volana 
bolo si bolo volane 



boli sme boli volani 
boly sme boly volane 

boli ste boli volani 
bily ste boly volane 



— 66 — 



3. bol bol volany 
bola bola volana 
bolo bolo volane 

I shall be called 

1. budem volany m. 
budem volana f. 
budem volane n. 

2. budes volany 
budes volana 
budes volane 

3. bude volany 
bude volana 
bude volane 



FUTURE 



boli boli volani 
boly boly volane 



We shall be called 
budeme volani m. 
budeme volane f. n. 

budete volani 
budete volane 

budu volani 
budu volane 



CONDITIONAL MODE 
PRESENT 



I should be called 

1. by som bol volany 
by som bola volana 
by som bolo volane 

2. by si bol volany 
by si bola volana 
by si bolo volane 



We should be called 

by sme boli volani 
by sme boly volane 



by ste boli volani 
by ste boly volane 



3. by si bol volany by boli volani, 

by bola volana by boly volane 

by bolo volane 

NOTE. This present conditional is like the indicative past simply 
prefixing to this in every number and person: "by". 



PAST 



I should have been called 

1. bol by som bol volany 
bola by som bola volana 
bolo by som bolo volane 

2. bol by si bol volany 
bola by si bola volana 
bolo by si bolo volane 

3. bol by bol volany 
bola by bola volana 
bolo by bolo volane 



We should have been called 

boli by sme boli volani 
boly by sme boly volane 



boli by ste boli volani 
boly b} T ste boly volane 

boli by ste boli volani 
boly by boly volane 



— 67 



IMPERATIVE MODE 



1. 



2. 



2. bud' volany (be thou called) 
bud' volana (be thou called) 
bud' volane (be thou called) 

3. nech je volany (let him be called) 3. 
nech je volana (let her be called) 
nech je volane (let it be called) 

Infinitive : 



bud'me volani 
bud'me volane 
bud'te volani 
bud'te volane 

nech su volani 
nech su volane 



(let us be called) 
(let us be called) 
(be ye called) 
(be ye called) 

(let them be called 
(let them be called 



byt' volany 
byt' volana 
byt' volane 
sue volany 
sue volana 
sue volane 
Passive past participle: 



Present participle : 



(to be called) 
(to be called) 
(to be called) 
(being called) 
(being called) 
(being called) 
volany (called) 
volana (called) 
volane (called) 
RULE : The verbal noun is formed by dropping the last vowel 
of the passive past participle and replacing it by ' ' -ie ' \ Thus from 
the passive past participle: volany, volana, volane the verbal noun 
is "volan-ie" (the calling). 

What is true about the verb "volat"', is true of the other verbs 
belonging to the first class. This is why the conjugation of the verbs : 
hrabat', drzatf, milovat' is omitted in the passive voice as unnecessary 
repetition. 

When an action is repeated several or many times the verb "byt"' 
is replaced by the verb "byvat"' (to accustomed to be, to use to be), 
thus: byvam volany — I am accustomed to be called, byval som vola- 
ny — I was accustomed to be called etc. 

RULE: Conjugate the verbs whose infinitive ends in "at" and 
the indicative first person singular in "-am, -iam, -am" as "volat". 

MODEL: HRABAT 

ACTIVE VOICE 
INDICATIVE MODE 





PRESENT 




SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


I rake 




We rake 


1. hrab-em 




hrab-eme 


2. hrab-es 




hrab-ete 


3. hrab-e 




hrab-u 





— 68 — 






PAST 




I raked or 




We raked or 


I have raked 




we have raked 


1. hrab-al som 




hrab-ali sme 


hrab-ala som 




hrab-aly sme 


hrab-alo som 






2. hrab-al si 




hrab-ali ste 


hrab-ala si 




hrab-aly ste 


hrab-alo si 






3. hrab-al 




hrab-ali 


hrab-ala 




hrab-aly 


hrab-alo 






PAST PERFECT 


I had raked 




We had raked 


1. hrabal som bol 




hrabali sme boli 


hrabala som bola 




hrabaly sme boly 


hrabalo som bolo 






2. hrabal si bol 




hrabali ste boli 


hrabala si bola 




hrabaly ste boly 


hrabalo si bolo 






3. hrabal bol 




hrabali boli 


hrabala bola 




hrabaly boly 


hrabalo bolo 


FUTURE 




I shall rake or 




We shall rake or 


I shall have raked 




we shall have raked 


1. budem hrabat' 




budeme hrabat 


2. budes hrabat' 




budete hrabat 


3. bude hrabal? 




budii hrabat 


CONDITIONAL 


MODE 




PRESENT 




I should rake 




We should rake 


1. by som hrabal 




by sme hrabali 


by som hrabala 




by sme hrabaly 


by som hrabalo 






2. by si hrabal 




by ste hrabali 


by si hrabala 




by ste hrabaly 


by si hrabalo 






3. by hrabal 




by hrabali 


by hrabala 




by hrabaly 


by hrabalo 







69 



PAST 



I should have raked 

1. by som bol hrabal 
by som bola hrabala 
by som bolo hrabalo 

2. by si bol hrabal 
by si bola hrabala 
by si bolo hrabalo 



IMPERATIVE 



2. hrab 

3. nech hrab-e 



We should have raked 

by sme boli hrabali 
by sme boly hrabaly 



by ste boli hrabali 
by ste boly hrabaly 

MODE 

hrab-me 
hrab-te 
nech hrab-u 



Infinitive: hrab at' 

Present participle : hrab-uc 

Present adjectival participle: hrabuci, hrabuca, hrabuce 

Past participle.: hrabal, hrabala, hrabalo 

Past adverbial participle : hrab-avsi 

Past adjectival participle : hrabavsi, hrabavsia, hrabavsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : hrabany, hrabana, hrabane 

VERBAL NOUN: hrabanie (the raking) 

PASSIVE VOICE 

The passive voice is formed by the auxiliary verb "by£" or 
"byvat'". (See the passiv voice under model: volat') and the passive 
past adjectival participle, which in this case is: hrabany, hrabana, 
hrabane. The passive voice of this and the other models is conju- 
gated according to the passive voice of "volat"'. 

RULE: Conjugate the verbs whose infinitive ends in- "at?" and 
the indicative present first person singular in- "-em" as "hrabaf". 

MODEL : DRZAT 

ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 





PRESENT 




SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


I hold 




We hold 


1. drz-im 




drz-ime 


2. drz-is 




drz-ite 


3. drz-i 




drz-ia 



— 70 — 



PAST 



I held or 
I have held 




"We held or 
we have held 


1. drz-al som 
drz-ala som 
drz-alo som 




drz-ali sme 
drz-aly sme 


2. drz-al si 
drz-ala si 
drz-alo si 




drz-ali ste 
drz-aly ste 


3. drz-al 
drz-ala 
drz-alo 




drz-ali 
drz-aly 


PAST PERFECT 


I had held 




We had held 


1. drzal som bol 
drzala som bola 
drzalo som bolo 




drzali sme boli 
drzaly sme boly 


2. drzal si bol 
drzala si bola 
drzalo si bolo 




drzali ste boli 
drzaly ste boly 


3. drzal bol 
drzala bola 
drzalo bolo 




drzali boli 
drzaly boly 




FUTURE 




I shall hold or 
I shall have held 




We shall hold or 
we shall have held 


1. budem drzat' 

2. budes drzat 

3. bude drzat' 




budeme drzat 
budete drzat' 
budu drzat 


CONDITIONAL 


MODE 


I should hold 


PRESENT 


We should hold 


1. by som drzal 
by som drzala 
by som drzalo 




by sme drzali 
by sme drzaly 



— 71 — 



2. by si drzal 
by si drzala 
by si drzalo 

3. by drzal 
by drzala 
by drzalo 



I should have held 



PAST 



by ste drzali 
by ste drzaly 

by drzali 
by drzaly 



We should have held 



1. by som bol drzal 

by som bola drzala 
by som bolo drzalo 


by sme boli drzali 
by sme boly drzaly 


2. by si bol drzal 
by si bola drzala 
by si bolo drzalo 


by ste boli drzali 
by ste boly drzaly 


3. by bol drzal 
by bola drzala 
by bolo drzalo 


by boli drzali 
by boly drzaly 


IMPERATIVE 


MODE 


1. 

2. drz 

3. nech drz-i 


drz-me 
drz-te 
nech drz-ia 



Infinitive: drzat' 

Present participle: drz-iac 

Present adjectival participle : drz-iaci, drz-iaca, drz-iace 

Past participle : drz-al, drz-ala, drz-alo 

Past adverbial participle : drz-avsi 

Past adjectival participle : drz-avsi, drz-avsia, drz-avsie 

Passive past participle: drzany, drzana, drzane 

VERBAL NOUN: drz-anie (the holding) 

PASSIVE VOICE 

See the note under the passive voice of "hrabat"' and conjugate 
as "volar'. 

RULE: Conjugate the verbs whose infinitive ends in -"at" and 
the indicative present first person singular -"im" as " drzat" '. 



— 72 



SINGULAR 

I love 

1. mil-tgem 

2. mil-ujes 

3. mil-uje 

I loved or 
I have loved 

1. mil-oval som 
mil-ovala som 
mil-ovalo som 

2. mil-oval si 
mil-ovala si 
mil-ovalo si 

3. mil-oval 
mil-ovala 
mil-ovalo 



I had loved 



MODEL: MILOVAT 

INDICATIVE MODE 

PRESENT 



PLURAL 
We love 
mil-ujeme 
mil-ujete 
mil-uju 



PAST 



We loved or 
we have loved 

mil-ovali sme 
mil-ovaly sme 

mil-ovali ste 
mil-ovaly ste 

mil-ovali 
mil-ovaly 

PAST PERFECT 

We had loved 



1. miloval som bol 
milovala som hola 
milovalo som bolo 

2. miloval si bol 
milovala si bola 
milovalo si bolo 

3. miloval bol 
milovala bola 
milovalo bolo 



I shall love or 
I shall have loved 

1. budem milovat' 

2. budes milovat 

3. bude milovat' 



FUTURE 



milovali sme boli 
milovaly sme boly 

milovali ste boli 
milovaly ste boly 

milovali boli 
milovaly boly 



We shall love or 
we shall have loved 

budeme milovat 
budete milovat 
budii milovat 



73 — 



CONDITIONAL MODE 
PRESENT 



I should love 



1. by som miloval 
by som milovala 
by som milovalo 

2. by si miloval 
by si milovala 
by si milovalo 

3. by miloval 
by milovala 
by milovalo 



I should have loved 

1. by som bol miloval 
by som bola milovala 
by som bolo milovalo 

2. by si bol miloval 
by si bola milovala 
by si bolo milovalo 

3. by bol miloval 
by bola milovala 
by bolo milovalo 



PAST 



We should love 

by sme milovali 
by sme milovaly 



by ste milovali 
by ste milovaly 

by milovali 
by milovaly 



We should have loved 

by sme boli milovali 
by sme boly milovaly 



by ste boli milovali 
by ste boly milovaly 

by boli milovali 
by boly milovaly 



IMPERATIVE MODE 



2. mil-uj 

3. nech mil-uj e 



mil-ujme 
mil-uj te 
nech mil-uju 



Infinitive: milovat' 

Present participle : mil-ujuc 

Present adjectival participle : mil-ujuci, mil-ujuca, mil-ujuce 

Past participle: miloval, milovala, milovalo 

Past adverbial participle: mil-ova vsi 

Past adjectival participle: milovavsi, milovavsia, milovavsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : milovany, milovana, milovane 

VERBAL NOUN: milovanie (the loving) 



— 74 — 

PASSIVE VOICE 

Conjugate the verb "milovat"' in the passive voice, as "volat"'. 

RULE: Conjugate the verbs whose infinitive ends in -"at"' and 

the indicative present first person singular in -"ujem" as "milovat"'. 

CONJUGATION OF THE SECOND CLASS OF VERBS 



MODEL: TRET 

ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 


SINGULAR 
I rub 

1. tr-em 

2. tr-es 

3. tr-e 


PRESENT 


PLURAL 
We rub 
tr-eme 
tr-ete 
tr-ti 


I rubbed 


PAST 


We rubbed 


1. tr-el som 
tr-ela som 
tr-elo som 






tr-eli sme 
tr-ely sme 


2. tr-el si 
tr-ela si 
tr-elo si 






tr-eli ste 
tr-ely ste 


3. tr-el 
tr-ela 
tr-elo 






tr-eli 
tr-ely 


I had rubbed 


PAST PERFECT 


We had rubbed 


1. trel som bol 
trela som bola 
trelo som bolo 




treli sme boli 
trely ste boly 


2. trel si bol 
trela si bola 
trelo si bolo 






treli ste boli 
trely ste boly 


3. trel bol 
trela bola 
trelo bolo 






treli boli 
trely boly 



— 75 — 

FUTURE 
I shall rub or We shall rub or 

I shall have rubbed we shall have rubbed 

1. budem tret budeme tret' 

2. budes tret budete tret 

3. bude tret budu tret 

CONDITIONAL MODE 

PRESENT 

I should rub We should rub 

1. by som trel by sme treli 
etc. etc. 

NOTE. To conjugate this conditional present the only thing 
necessary is to add "by" to the past indicative tense. 

PAST 

I should have rubbed We should have rubbed 

1. by som bol trel by sme boli treli 
etc. etc. 

The rest is to be conjugated as the past conditional of the first 
class verbs. 





IMPERATIVE MODE 


1. 

2. tr-i 

3. nech tr-e 


tr-ime 
tr-ite 
nech tr-u 



Infinitive : tret' 

Present participle : tr-uc 

Present adjectival participle: truci, trtica, truce 

Past participle : trel, trela, trelo 

Past adverbial participle : tr-evsi 

Past adjectival participle: trevsi, trevsia, trevsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : treny, trena, trene 

VERBAL NOUN: trenie (the rubbing) 

PASSIVE VOICE 

The passive voice is like the passive of the first class of verbs 
i. e. the "byt"' (to be) is conjugated and the passive past adjectival 
participle added to it. 

RULE: Conjugate all verbs whose infinitive ends in -"etf" and 
the indicative first person singular in -"ei 



76 — 



MODEL: ROZUMET 



. 


ACTIVE 


VOICE 




INDICATIVE MODE 




PRESENT 




SINGULAR 






PLURAL 


I understand 






We understand 


1. rozum-iem 






rozum-ieme 


2. rozum-ies 






rozum-iete 


3. rozum-ie 






rozum-eju 




PAST 




I understood 






We understood 


1. rozum-el som 






rozum-eli sme 


rozum-ela som 






rozum-ely sme 


rozum-elo som 








2. rozum-el si 






rozum-eli ste 


rozum-ela si 






rozum-ely ste 


rozum-elo si 








3. rozum-el 






rozum-eli 


rozum-ela 






rozum-ely 


rozum-elo 









I had understood 



PAST PERFECT 

We had understood 



1. rozumel som bol 
rozumela som bola 
rozumelo som bolo 

2. rozumel si bol 
rozumela si bola 
rozumelo si bolo 

3. rozumel bol 
rozumela bola 
rozumelo bolo 



rozumeli sme boli 
rozumely sme boly 

rozumeli ste boli 
rozumely ste boly 

rozumeli boli 
rozumely boly 



FUTURE 



I shall understand or 
I shall have understood 

1. budem rozumet 
etc. 



We shall understand or 
we shall have understood 

budeme rozumel? 
etc. 



— 77 — 

NOTE. Conjugate the verb "byt"' in the future and add to it 
the infinitive of ' ' rozumet" '. 

CONDITIONAL MODE 
PRESENT 

I should understand We should understand 

1. by som rozumel by sme rozumeli 

etc. etc. 

Conjugate the rest as the conditional present of "tret"'. 

PAST 

I should have understood We should have understood 

1. by som bol rozumel by sme boli rozumeli 

etc. etc. 

Conjugate the rest as the conditional past of "tret"'. 

IMPERATIVE MODE 

1. rozum-ejme 

2. rozum-ej rozum-ejte 

3. nech rozum-ie nech rozum-eju 

Infinitive: rozumet' 

Present participle : rozum-ejuc 

Present adjectival participle : rozumejuci, rozumejuca, rozumejuce 

Past participle : rozumel, rozumela, rozumelo . 

Past adverbial participle: rozum-evsi 

Past adjectival participle: rozumevsi, rozumevsia, rozumevsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : rozumeny, rozumena, rozumene 

VERBAL NOUN: rozumenie (the understanding) 

PASSIVE VOICE 

The passive voice of "rozumet" is conjugated as the passive 
of "volar'. 

RULE : Conjugate all verbs whose infinitive ends in -' ' et" ' and 
the indicative present first person singular in "-iem, -ejem" as "roz- 
umet"'. 



— 78 — 



MODEL: MYSLET 


ACTIVE VOICE 


INDICATIVE MODE 




PRESENT 




SINGULAR 
I think 

1. mysllim 

2. mysl-is 

3. mysl-i 


PAST 


PLURAL 
We think 
mysl-ime 
mysl-ite 
mysl-ia 


I thought 




We thought 


1. mysl-el som 
mysl-ela som 
mysl-elo som 




mysl-eli sme 
mysl-ely sme 


2. mysl-el si 
mysl-ela si 
mysl-elo si 




mysl-eli ste 
mysl-ely ste 


3. mysl-el 
mysl-ela 
mysl-elo 




mysl-eli 
mysl-ely 


PAST PERFECT 


I had thought 




We had thought 


1. myslel som bol 
myslela som bola 
myslelo som bolo 




mysleli sme boli 
myslely sme boly 


3. myslel si bol 
myslela si bola 
myslelo si bolo 




mysleli ste boli 
myslely ste boly 


3. myslel bol 
myslela bola 
myslelo bolo 


FUTURE 


mysleli boli 
myslely boly 


I shall think or 
I shall have thought 
1. budem mysletf 
etc. 




We shall think or 
we shall have thought 
budeme myslet 
etc. 



— 79 — 

NOTE: Conjugate the verb "byt" in the future and add to it 
the infinitive of "myslet"'. 

CONDITIONAL MODE 

PRESENT 
I should think We should think 

1. by som myslel by sme mysleli 

etc. etc. 

NOTE: Conjugate the rest as the conditional present of "roz 
umet'" or "tret". 

PAST 

I should have thought We should have thought 

1. by som bol myslel by sme boli mysleli 
etc. etc. 

NOTE : The rest is to be conjugated as the past conditional of 
the first class of verbs. 

IMPERATIVE MODE 

1. mysl-ime 

2. mysl-i mysl-ite 

3. nech mysl-i nech mysl-ia 

NOTE: The second person singular in the imperative of "my- 
slet'" should be "mysl", that is to say without the "i" (mysli). This 
"i" is added to make the pronunciation more simple. This "i" is 
added to the stem in similar cases. 

EXCEPTIONS: hor (burn) ! — trp (suffer) ! — are imperative 
second person singular. 
Infinitive : myslet' 
Present participle : mysl-iac 

Present adjectival participle : mysliaei, mysliaca, mysliace 
Past participle : myslel, myslela, myslelo *: 

Past adverbial participle: mysl-evsi y* 

Past adjectival participle: myslevsi, myslevsia, myslevsie 
PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : mysleny, myslena, myslene 
VERBAL NOUN : myslenie (the thinking) 

PASSIVE VOICE 

The passive voice of " myslet? " is like the passive of "volat?" 
RULE: Conjugate all verbs ending the infinitive in -"et" and 
the indicative present first person singular in -"im" as "myslet?". 



— 80 — 



CONJUGATION OF THIRD CLASS OP VERBS 





MODEL : 


ROBIT 






ACTIVE 


VOICE 






INDICATIVE MODE 




PRESENT 






SINGULAR 

I work 

1. rob-im 

2. rob-is 

3. rob-i 








PLURAL 
We work 
rob-ime 
rob-ite 
rob-ia 




PAST 






I worked 








We worked 


1. rob-il som 
rob-ila som 
rob-ilo som 








rob-ili sme 
rob-ily sme 


2. rob-il si 
rob-ila si 
rob-ilo si 








rob-ili ste 
rob-ily ste 


3. rob-il 
rob-ila 
rob-ilo 








rob-ili 
rob-ily 




PAST PERFECT 




I had worked 
1. robil som bol 
etc. 






We had worked 
robili sme boli 
etc. 



NOTE : The rest is like those of the preceding verbs of this tense. 

FUTURE 

I shall work We shall work 

1. budem robit budeme robit 
etc. etc. 

The rest is like those of the preceding verbs of this tense. 



CONDITIONAL MODE 

The present and the past conditional is like the present and past 
conditional of preceding verbs. 



81 



IMPERATIVE MODE 

1. rob-me 

2. rob rob-te 

3. nech rob-i nech rob-ia 

Infinitive : robit' 

Present participle : rob-iac 

Present adjectival participle: robiaci, robiaca, robiace 

Past participle : robil, robila, robilo 

Past adverbial participle : rob-ivsi 

Past adjectival participle: robivsi, robivsia, robivsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : robeny, robena, robene 

VERBAL NOUN: robenie (the working) 

NOTE: The passive is like that of "volat"\ 

RULE: Conjugate all verbs ending the infinitive in "-it" 
the indicative present first person singular in "-im" or "-im 
"robif'. 



and 
' as 



MODEL: PIT 

ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 





PRESENT 




SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


I drink 




We drink 


1. pi-jem 




pi-jeme 


2. pi-jes 




pi-jete 


3. pi-je 


PAST 


pi-ju 


I drank 




We drank 


1. pi-1 som 




pi-li sme 


pi-la som 




pi-ly sme 


pi-lo som 






2. pi-1 si 




pi-li ste 


pi-la si 




pi-ly ste 


pi-lo si 






3. pi-1 




pi-li 


pi-la 




pi-ly 



pi-lo 



— 82 — 

PAST PERFECT 
I had drunk We had drunk 

1. pil som bol pili sme boli 

etc. etc. 

NOTE : Conjugate the rest like the verbs in the preceding indi- 
cative past perfect tenses. 

FUTURE 

I shall drink We shall drink 

1. budem pit' budeme pit' 
etc. etc. 

NOTE: Conjugate the rest like the verbs in the preceding fu- 
ture tenses. 

CONDITIONAL MODE 
The conditional is like the conditionals of the preceding verbs. 



IMPERATIVE MODE 



pi-me 



2. pi pi-te 

3. nech pi-je nech pi-jti 

Infinitive: pit' 

Present participle : pi-jue 

Present adjectival participle: pijuci, pijuca, pijuce 

Past participle : pil, pila, pilo 

Past adverbial participle : pi-vsi 

Past adjectival participle : pivsi, pivsia, pivsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : pity, pita, pite 

VERBAL NOUN : pitie (the drinking) 

RULE: Conjugate all verbs whose infinitive ends in "-it?" or 
"-yt?" and the indicative first person singular in "-ijein" or "-viem" 
as "pit". 

NOTE : The passive voice is like the passive of "volatf ". 

_____ ~i 



— 83 — 



CONJUGATION OF THE FOURTH CLASS OF VERBS 

MODEL: Cut 
ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 

PRESENT 



SINGULAR 
I hear 

1. cu-jem 

2. cu-jes 

3. cu-je 

I heard 

1. cu-1 som 
cu-la som 
cu-lo som 

2. cu-1 si 
cu-la si 
cu-lo si 

3. cu-1 
cu-la 
cu-lo 



I had heard 
1. cul som bol 
etc. 



PAST 



PLURAL 
We hear 
cu-jeme 
cu-jete 
cu-ju 

We heard 

cu-li sme 
cu-ly sme 

cu-li ste 
cu-ly ste 

cu-li 
cu-ly 



PAST PERFECT 



We had heard 
culi sme boli 
etc. 



NOTE : The rest is as the past perfect of other verbs already 
conjugated. 

FUTURE 

The future is like the future of other verbs. 

CONDITIONAL MODE 

The conditional is like the conditional of the preceding verbs. 

IMPERATIVE MODE 



1. 

2. cu-j 

3. nech cu-je 



cu-jme 
cu-jte 
nech cu-ju 



84 — 



Iinf initive : cut' 

Present participle : cu-juc 

Present adjectival participle: cujuci, cujuca, cujuce 

Past participle : cul, cula, culo 

Past adverbial participle : cu-vsi 

Past adjectival participle : cuvsi, cuvsia, cuvsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : cuty, cuta, cute 

VERBAL NOUN: cutie (the hearing) 

The passive of "cut"' is to be conjugated like the passive of 
"volaf'. 

RULE : Conjugate all verbs whose infinitive ends in ' ' -ut ' ' and 
the indicative present first person singular in "-jem" as "cut?". 

MODEL: VRHNUT 

ACTIVE VOICE 
INDICATIVE MODE 



PRESENT 



SINGULAR 
I throw 

1. vrhn-em 

2. vrhn-es 

3. vrhn-e 



PLURAL 
We throw 
vrhn-eme 
vrhn-ete 
vrhn-u 



PAST 



I threw 

1. vrhn-ul som 
vrhn-ula som 
vrhn-ulo som 

2. vrhn-ul si 
vrhn-ula si 
vrhn-ulo si 

3. vrhn-ul 
vrhn-ula 
vrhn-ulo 



We threw 

vrhn-uli sme 
vrhn-uly sme 



vrhn-uli ste 
vrhn-uly ste 

vrhn-uli 
vrhn-uly 



PAST PERFECT 



I had thrown 
1. vrhnul som bol 
etc. 



We had thrown 
vrhnuli sme boli 
etc. 



NOTE : Conjugate the rest like the verbs in the preceding indi- 
cative past perfect tenses. 



— 85 — 

FUTURE 

The future is formed like the future of other verbs. One, how- 
ever, will do better if he uses the present for the expression of the 
future tense here. He may use the preposition: za-, u-, za-, do- etc. 
with the present, as : zavrhnem — I shall throw. 

CONDITIONAL MODE 

The conditional is like the conditional of the preceding verbs. 

IMPERATIVE MODE 

1. vrhn-ime 

2. vrhn-i vrhn-ite 

3. nech vrhn-e nech vrhn-u 

Infinitive : vrhnut' 
Present participle : vrhn-tic 

Present adjectival participle : vrhnuci, vrhnuca, vrhnuce 
Past participle : vrhnul, vrhnula, vrhnulo 
Past adverbial participle: vrhn-uvsi 

Past adjectival participle: vrhnuvsi, vrhnuvsia, vrhnuvsie 
PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE: vrhnuty, vrhnuta, vrhnute 
VERBAL NOUN : vrhnutie (the throwing, the hurling) 
The passive of "vrhnut"' is to be conjugated like the passive 
of "volar'. 

NOTE: Some of the verbs conjugated as "vrhnut" end their 
indicative present first person singular in "-iem" instead of "-em". 
When one speaks slowly the difference is hardly noticeable between 
the ending "-nem" and "-niem". 

RULE: Conjugate all verbs whose infinitive ends in "-nut"' or 
"-nut"' and the indicative present first person singular in "-nem" 



CONJUGATION OF THE FIFTH CLASS OF VERBS 

MODEL: NIEST 

ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 

PRESENT 

SINGULAR PLURAL 

I carry We carry 

1. nes-iem nes-ieme 

2. nes-ies nes-iete 

3. nes-ie nes-u 





— 86 — 




I carried 


PAST 


We carried 


1. nies-ol som 
nies-la som 
nies-lo som 




nies-li sme 
nies-ly sme 


2. nies-ol si 
nies-la si 
nies-lo si 




nies-li ste 
nies-ly ste 


3. nies-ol 
nies-la 
nies-lo 




nies-li 
nies-ly 


I had carried 

1. niesol som 

etc. 


PAST PERFECT 

We had carried 
)ol niesli sme boli 

etc. 


rest is to be conjugated like other verbs of this ten 


I shall carry 

1. po-nesiem 

etc. 


FUTURE 


We shall carry 
po-nesieme 
etc. 



NOTE: Prefix "po- M to the present to have the future of 
"niest"'. Some of the Slovak verbs — just as this one — form the fu- 
ture by some prefix as in the case of the verb "niest*'\ Instead po- 
nesiem*' — I shall carry one may just as well say — zanesiem — I shall 
carry. 

CONDITIONAL MODE 
The conditional is formed as the conditional of the preceding verbs. 







IMPERATIVE 


MODE 


1. 






nes-me 


2. 


nes 




nes-te 


3. 


nech 


nes-ie 


nech nes-u 



Infinitive : niest' 

Present participle : nes-uc 

Present adjectival participle: nesuci, nesuca, nesuce 

Past participle : niesol, niesla, nieslo 

Past adverbial participle : nes-si 

Past adjectival participle: nessi, nessia, nessie 



— 87 — 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : neseny, nesena, nesene 

VERBAL NOUN: nesenie (the carrying) 

The tenses of the passive voice are formed as that of * ' volat' ' '. 

RULE: Conjugate all verbs whose infinitive ends in "-stf, -zt, 
-ct" and the indicative present first person singular in "-iem" as 
"niest'". — The long vowel preceding "-stf, -zt', -ct'" is made short 
in indicative present, in imperative, in present participle and in the 
verbal noun and consequently in these tenses a, i, y, ia, ie changes into 
a, i, y, a, e respectively. 

Illustration: past' (to pasture) — pasiem ( I pasture), hryztf 
(to gnaw, to bite) — hryziem (I gnaw), triast' ( to shake) — tra- 
siem (I shake), viezt' (to carry) — veziem (I carry), niest' (to carry, 
to bear) — nesiem (I carry). 

Wherever the stem of the verb is in "&, t," it takes this "d, t" 
in the tenses just mentioned. Illustrations : klast' (to lay, to put) — 
kladiem (I lay, I put), pliest' (to twist, to braid) — pletiem (I twist). 

Where the stem ends in "h" it changes into "z", as: moctf (to 
be able, to can) (STEM : MOH) — mozem (I am able, I can). The past : 
mohol som (I could). 

Where the stem is "k" (infinitive in -ct') it changes into "c", as: 
riectf (to say, to tell) — reciem (I say, I tell), piect' (STEM: PEK) 
— peciem (I bake, I roast). The past: riekol (he said), piekol (he 
baked). 

CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS 

The irregular verbs are: byt' (which was conjugated before), 
jest (to eat), vedet' (to know) and istf or ist' (to go). The stems 
(excluding "byt"' which is formed from three stems: by, jes, bud) 
are: jed-, (jest'), ved- (vedet'), id- (ist). 

NOTE: Some of the Slovak grammarians place "chcetf" (to 
want) among the irregular verbs and yet this one may conjugate ex- 
actly as "tret". 





VERBS : 


JEST 






ACTIVE 


VOICE 






INDICATIVE MODE 






PRESENT 




SINGULAR 






PLURAL 


I eat 






We eat 


1. jem 






jeme 


2. jes 






jete 


3. jie 






jedia 



88 — 



PAST 



I ate 

1. jedol som 
jedla som 
jedlo som 

2. jedol si 
jedla si 
jedlo si 

3. jedol 
jedla 
jedlo 



We ate 

jedli sme 
jedly sme 



jedli-ste 
jedly ste 

jedli 
jedly 



PAST PERFECT 



I had eaten 
1. jedol som bol 
etc. 



We had eaten 
jedli sme boli 
etc. 



NOTE. Conjugate the rest as the past tense. 

FUTURE 

I shall eat We shall eat 

1. budem jest budeme jest' 

etc. etc. 

NOTE : Conjugate the rest as the future of regular verbs. 



CONDITIONAL 


MODE 




PRESENT 


I should eat 
1. by som jedol 
by som jedla 
etc. 


PAST 


We should eat 
by sme jedli 
by sme jedly 
etc. 


I should have eaten 
1. by som bol jedol 
by som bola jedla 
etc. 




We should have eaten 
by sme boli jedli 
by sme boly jedly 
etc. 


IMPERATIVE 


MODE 


1. 

2. jedz 

3. nech jie 




jedzme 
jedzte 
nech jedia 



— 89 



Infinitive : jest' 

Present participle : jed-iac 

Present adjectival participle : jediaci, jediaca, jediace 

Past participle : jedol, jedla, jedlo 

Past adverbial participle : jedsi 

Past adjectival participle: jedsi, jedsia, jedsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : jedeny, jedena, jedene 

VERBAL NOUN: jedenie (the eating) 

The tenses of the passive voice are formed as that of "volat 

VERB: VEDET 

ACTIVE VOICE 

INDICATIVE MODE 





PRESENT 




SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


I know 




We know 


1. viem 




vieme 


2. vies 




viete 


3. vie 


PAST 


vedia 


I knew 




We know 


1. vedel som 




vedeli sme 


vedela som 




vedely sme 


vedelo som 






2. vedel si 




vedeli ste 


vedela si 




vedely ste 


vedelo si 






3. vedel 




vedeli 


vedela 




vedely 


vedelo 


PAST PERFECT 




I had known 




We had known 


1. vedel som bol 


vedeli sme boli 


etc. 


FUTURE 


etc. 


I shall know 




We shall know 


budem vedet' 




budeme vedet' 


etc. 




etc. 



— 90 — 
CONDITIONAL MODE 



PRESENT 



I should know 
1. by som vedel 
etc. 



I should have known 
1. by som bol vedel 
etc. 



PAST 



We should know 
by sme vedeli 
etc. 



We should have known 
by sme boli vedeli 

etc. 



IMPERATIVE MODE 



2. vedz 

3. nech vie 



vedzme 
vedzte 
nech vedia 



Infinitive : vedet' 

Present participle : ved-iac 

Present adjectival participle: vediaci, vediaca, vediace 

Past participle : vedel, vedela, vedelo 

Past adverbial participle: ved-evsi 

Past adjectival participle : vedevsi, vedevsia, vedevsie 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : vedeny, vedena, vedene 

VERBAL NOUN: vedenie (the knowing) 

The tenses of the passive voice are formed as that of "volat". 





VERB: 1ST 






ACTIVE VOICE 






INDICATIVE MODE 




PRESENT 




SINGULAR 




PLURAL 


I go 




We go 


1. idem 




ideme 


2. ides 




idete 


3. ide 


PAST 


idu 


went 




We went 


isiel som 




isli sme 


isla som 




isly sme 



islo som 



— 91 — 



2 


isiel si 
isla si 
islo si 






isli ste 
isly ste 


3 


isiel 
isla 
islo 


PAST 


PERFECT 


isli 
isly 


I had gone 

1. isiel som bol 






We had gone 
isli sme boli 




etc. 






etc. 






FUTURE 






I shall go 






We shall go 




1. pojdem 

2. pojdes 

3. pojde 






pojdeme 

pojdete 

pojdu 



NOTE: This future is formed without the auxiliary verb "byt"' 
by simply prefixing "po-" to the present, thus: po-idem and from 
this pojdem and finally pojdem. 



CONDITIONAL MODE 



I should go 
1. by som isiel 
etc. 



I should have gone 
1. by som bol isiel 
etc. 



PRESENT 



PAST 



We should go 
by sme isli 
etc. 



We should have gone 
by sme boli isli 
etc. 



IMPERATIVE MODE 



2. idz, id', idi 
2. nech ide 



idzme 
idzte 
nech idu 



Infinitive : ist', 1st' 

Present participle: id-tic 

Present adjectival participle : iduci, iduca, iduce 

Past participle : isiel, isla, islo 

Past adverbial participle : sed-si 

Past adjectival participle : sedsi, sedsia, sedsie 



— 92 — 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : ideny, idena, idene 

VERBAL NOUN : idenie (the going) 

The tenses of the passive voice are formed as that of "volat"'. 

IMPERSONAL VERBS 

The impersonal verbs are conjugated in the third person singu- 
lar in the present, past and future tenses. They are used the same as 
the English, thus: prsat' (to rain), hrmet' (to thunder) etc. 

Present tense) prsi — it rains or it is raining 

Past tense : prsalo — it has rained or it was raining 

Future tense : bude prsat — it will rain 

Imperative : nech prsi — let it rain 

Present participle : prsiac : — raining 

PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE : prsany, prsana, prsane 

VERBAL NOUN: prsanie (the raining) 

NEGATIVE VERBS 

The negative verbs in the Slovak are very easily formed. All 
one has to do is to prefix "NE-" to the verb. The only exception to 
the rule is the auxiliary verb "byt'" (to be). Here "nie" is placed 
unconnectedly before the verb. Illustrations : 

POSITIVE VERBS : NEGATIVE VERBS : 

znat' — to know neznat' — not to know 

pit' — to drink nepit' — not to drink 

jest' — to eat nejest' — not to eat 

spat' — to sleep nespat' — not to sleep 

chcet' — to want nechcet' — not to want 

byt' alebo nebyt' — to be or not to be (meaning existence) 

This is the way to make a verb negative. 

One may use this "NE-" very well with adjectives and other 
words in a ngative sense, as: dobry (good) — nedobry (not good), — 
dobre (well) — nedobre (unwell), zdar (success) — nezdar (failure) 
etc. The pronouns are an exeption i. e. instead of "ne-" connected 
with them one uses "nie" separately. 

SYNTAX 

Sentences may be: 1) declarative; 2) imperative; 3) conditional; 
4) interrogative; 5) exclamatory; 6) negative (which are however, 
included with the declarative). 



— 93 — 

1. — In declarative sentences the syntax or order of verbs is: 
subject, predicate, object. Illustration: Jan zatvoril dvere — John 
closed the door. 

2. — In imperative sentences the subject usually stands first ex- 
cepting the second person (both singular and plural) when the sub- 
ject may be omitted. Illustration: Jan, zatvor dvere — John, close 
the door! — Zatvor dvere — close the door! (So in the singular). 

The subject is followed by the predicate and the object. The 
predicate, however, may stand first for the sake of emphasis. In 
such a case the subject comes last, thus: Zatvor dvere, Jan! — Close 
the door, John ! 

3. — The conditional has practically the same construction of 
sentences as the imperative, namely: subject, predicate, object and 
the rest. Illustration: Jan by zatvoril dvere — John would close the 
door. 

4. — The interrogative sentence varies its order. It may follow 
the order of declarative sentence. Sometimes it begins with predi- 
cate. Real interrogative sentences should begin with "ci" (whether) 
which corresponds to the English "do, does, did" when followed 
by the subject. Illustration: Ci Jan zatvoril dvere? — Did John 
close the door ? — Ci Jan zatvara dvere ? — Does John close the door ? 

"Ci" may be followed by the English order of sentences and 
though this may not always be rorrect, one will be understood. The 
rest comes by practice. 

5. — In exclamatory sentences follow the English construction 
of sentences. Illustration: Jaky hluk tie dvere zrobily! — What a 
noise the door made ! 

6. — The negative sentences may cause some trouble, because the 
Slovak language uses double negative. One hears this double nega- 
tive spoken in incorrect English, as in: "I did not know nothing" 
(Neznal som nic.) This is correct in Slovak. 

So one has to take care how to use the double negative which is 
found in every Slav language. Some of the most frequently used 
sentences may be learned by heart and thus made easy enough. 

RULES FOR ORTHOGRAPHY 

A.) 1. — Begin every sentence with a capital letter and place a 
period at the end of every sentence. 

2. — Use punctuation about the same as in English. The coma is 
more frequently used than in English. 



— 94 — 

3. — Write every word separately as in English, but write it as 
it sounds. 

4. — When one hears a word and some letter in it is not clear, he 
should decline or conjugate it (as the case may be). This will show 
the letter to be used. 

5. — The pronouns in the singular nominative masculine gender 
end in -"y" (dobry — good) or -"y" (krasny — beautiful) but in plu- 
ral this "y" or "y" is replaced by "-i" or "-i" (dobri l'udia — good 
people). 

6. — The masculine nouns denoting persons do not end in -"y" 
(except occasionally in the plural instrumental), but the other mas- 
culine nouns do. 

7. — The letter "y" is used as the final letter of all feminine 
and neuter nouns ending with the Slovak "i" sound. The. excep- 
tions are i. e. the "i" is used instead of the "y" in cases where the 
ending "i" sound is preceded by a soft consonant after which an 
-"y" should never be written. (The soft consonants are : c, dz, j and 
all the consonants marked with the softening mark, "makcen" — 
over the consonant. This mark is omitted from "d, t, 1, n" because 
the "i" softens them.) 

8. — The dative singular ending -"ovi" is to be written with "i" 
as: chlapovi (to the man). 

9. — Write the suffix of "-ych, -ym, -ymi, -yma" with an "-y" 
or "-y-'\ The "i" in these cases is to be written only when the sound 
of the Slovak "i" is preceded by a soft consonant, as: lepsich — of 
better, mojim (to mine) 

10. — Never write an "y" or "y" after the soft consonants. The 
unmarked soft consonants (c, dz, j) may be followed by an "y" or 
"y" in Slovak words taken from a foreign language, as: cylinder, 
Cyril!. 

11. — The "y" or "y" is usually written after these consonants: 
k, h, ch, g — except words imitating the sound of animals or nature. 

12. — In conjugation the past tenses take the suffix "-y" instead 
of the masculine "-i" when the verbs concern the plural feminine or 
neuter gender exclusively, thus: Zeny boly dobre (The women were 
good,) but: Chlapi a zeny boli dobri (The men and women were 
good). Note the boly and boli. The masculine gender is given pre- 
ference and this even in addressing, as: Pani a Damy! (The verbal 



— 95 — 

translation of this is: Gentlemen and Ladies!) — Ladies and Gen- 
tlemen ! 

13. — Wherever -"tel"' occurs it must have the "makcen M (soft- 
ening mark) over "-I", except: d'atel (woodpecker). 



i c 



14. — The Slovak "vy", when alone, stands for the pronoun 
you", but when it is connected with a word it means — out, out of. 
This ' ' vy ' ' is never written as ' ' vi ' '. 

15. — One must never place the "makcen" ("") over the letters 
— d, t, 1, n, when they are followed by an — e, i, i or y, y. 

16. — All adjectives begin with a small letter. Illustration : I have 
American, Slovak, German and Russian books — Mam americke, slo- 
venske, nemecke a ruske knihy. 

17. — Write the names of days and months with a small initial 
letter. 

18. — The letter ' ' a " is seen only after the letters : b, m, p, v. 

B.) GENERAL RULE. Except the rule for adjectives, days and 
months, one may use the capitals as he does in English. 

Write with initial capital letter: 

1. — The first and second names of persons; 

2. — the names of countries, counties, capitals, cities, towns, vil- 
lages, streets, avenues, deserts ; 

3. — the names of nations, inhabitants ; 

4. — the name of God (Boh) ; 

5. — the names of hills, mountains, rivers, oceans, woods, lakes, 
isles, valleys ; 

6. — the (proper) names given to animals, as: Hector, Jack; 
7. — the names of impersonated beings; 
8. — the names of holy days ; 

9. — the official names or titles of societies, lodges, companies, cor- 
porations etc ; 

10. — the titles of books, magazines, newspapers, hotels, halls. 

C.) In writing letters, while one is in United States, he is sup- 
posed to follow the American form of letter writing. 



— 96 — 

PART IV 



The pronunciation of the Slovak words is given in parenthesis 
in the vocabulary according to the rules given in Part I. 

Slovak and English Vocabulary 

A AMERIKAN (amerikAn) m. Ame- 

A (a), and rican 

ABECEDA (abetseda) f. alphabet AMERIKANKA (amerikAnka) f. 
ABY (abi) that, in order that American 

ABO (abo) or AMERICKY (ameritskee) a. Ame- 

AC, ACKOLVEK, ACPRAVE rican 

(ach, achkolYvek achprAve), ANGLIA f ^ 

though, although, notwith- angliCan (anglichan) m . En . 



standing 

ADAM (adam) m. Adam 

ADRESSA (adressa) f. address 

ADVENT (advent) m. advent 

ADVOKAT (advokAt) m. advo- 
cate, attorney 

AFRIKA (afrika) f. Africa 

AGITACIA (agitlts-Ya) f. agita- APATIEKA (apatYYeka) f. drug 



glishman 
ANICKA (anYichka) f. Annie 
ANI (anYi) — nor 
ANJEL (anYel) m, angel 
ANO (Ano) adv. yes 
ANTON (anton) m. Anthony 



tion 



store 



AGITATOR (agitltor) m. agita- APOSTOL (aposhtol) m. apostle 

tor APRIL (apreel) m. April 

AGNESA (agnesha) f. Agnes ARENDA (Arenda) f. rent 

Ah (ah) ! ah! oh! ARRESTOVAT (arreshtovatY) v. 

AHA (aha) ! there now! behold! to arrest, to imprison 

AJ (aY), also, too ASI (asi) adv. about, perhaps 

AJHLA (aYhlYa) behold! ASIA (azYa) f. Asia 

AK, AKO (ak, ako) conj. as, like ASNAD, SNAD (asnldY, snAdY) 
AKSAMIET (aksamiet) m. velvet adv. perhaps, may be 

ALE (alYe) conj. but ASPON (asponY) adv. at least 

ALEJA (aleYa) f. alley, avenue AUGUST (august) m. August 
ALEBO (alYebo) conj. or AUSTRALIA (austrAl-Ya) f. Au- 

ALMU^NA (almuzYna) f. alms stralia 

ALOJS (aloYs) m. Aloysius AY8AK (avshak) conj. but, how- 

ALZBETA (alzYbeta) f. Elizabeth ever 

AMEN (amen) m. amen AZDA (azda) adv. perhaps,maybe 

AMERIKA (amerika) f. America AZ (azY) adv. until, till, up to 



— 97 — 

B BLAZNIT (MAznYitY) v. to fool 

BA (ba) adv. sure, certainly, BLADY, BLEDY (blYadee, blYe- 

doubtless dee) a. pale, pallid 

BABA (baba) f. old woman; co- BLESK (blesk) m. lightning, 

ward splendor 

BABAPORODNA (babapWOrod- BLIZKO (bleezko) prep. adv. close 

nA) f. midwife to, near 

BAJKA (bAYka) f. fable BLUDAR (bludlr) m. heretic 

BAL (bll) m. ball, dance BODAJ (bodaY) ! Would to God! 

BALIK (baleek) m. package, bun- BOH (boh) m. God 

die, parcel BOHAC (bohAch) m. rich man 

BALZAMOVAt (balzamovatY) v. BOHACKA (bohlchka) f. rich 

to embalm woman 

BANDA (banra) f. band BOHATY (bohatee) a. rich, weal- 

BAXA (banYa) f. mine thy 

BANIK (banYeek) m. miner BOHOSLUZBA (bohosluzYba) f. 

BANKA (banka) f. bank worship, divine service 

BANKAR (bankAr) m. banker BO J (boY) m. struggle, conflict, 
BAR, BARS (bAr, blrs) conj. fight 

though, although BOJISTE (boYishtYe) n. battle- 

BARANOK (barlnok) m. lamb field 

BARVA (barva) m. color; paint BOK (bok) m. side 
BARVIT (barvitY) v. to paint BOLAST, BOLEST (bolYastY, bo- 
BASEN (bAsenY) f. poem lestY) f. pain, ache 

BASNIK (bAsnYik) m. poet BOZKAT (bozkatY) v. to kiss 

BAVLNA (bavlna) f. cotton BOZE (bozYe) ! God! 

BAZEN (blzenY) f. fear BOZSKY (bozYskee) a. divine 

BECKA (bechka) f. barrel, keg BRADA (brada) f. chin; beard 
BEH (beh) m. the run BRANA (brlna) f. gate 

BEZ (bez) prep, without BRAT (bratY) v. to take 

BEZ MALA (bez mAla) adv. al- BRAT (brat) m. brother 

most BRUCHO (bruXo) n. belly 

BIG (bich) m. whip BUD-ALEBO (budY-alYebo) 

BIEDNY (bYedni) a. miserable either-or 

1 BIELY (bYeli) a. white BUDOVA (budova) f. building 

, BIRMOVANIE (birmovanYYe) n. 

confirmation C 

BISKUP (biskup) m. bishop CAR (tslr) m. czar 

BITKA (bitka) f. fight CELf (tselee) a. whole, entire 

; BLAHO (blaho) n. bliss, happiness CENA (tsena) f. price 
I BLATO (blato) n. mud CENIT (tsenYitY) v. to value, to 

BLAZON (blAzon) m. fool, mad- estimate 

man CESTA (tsesta) f. way, road 



— 98 



CIEL (ts-Yel) m. aim, goal, pur- 
pose 
CIRKEV (tsirkev) f. church 
CIRKEVNY (tsirkevnee) a. eccle- 

siastical 
CISAR (tsisAr) m. emperor 
CIT (tsit) m. feeling, sense 
CITIT (tseetYitY) v. to feel 
CITRON (tsitrOn) m. lemon 
CNOSf (tsnostY) f. virtue 
CUDZI (tsudzee) a. foreign, 

strange 
CUKOR (tsukor) m. sugar 



CAJ (chaY) m. tea 
CAS (chas) m. time 
CAST (chastY) f. part, portion 
CASTO (chasto) adv. often, fre- 
quently 
CELO (chelo) n. forehead 
CERNIDLO (chernYidlo) n. ink 
CERT (chert) m. devil 
CERVENY (chervenee) a. red 
CIARA (chYara) f. line, dash, 

stroke 
CI (chi), whether, if 
CIM (cheem) I. wherewith, where- 
by 
ClERNY (chYernee) a. black 
ClN (chin) m. deed, act, action 
CINNY (chinnee) a. active 
CISTY (chistee) a. clean, neat 
CITAT (cheenatY) v. to read 
CLANOK (chlAnok) m. article 
CLEN (chlen) m. member 
CLOVEK (chlovek) m. man; one 

(person) 
CO (cho), what 
CUT (chutY) v. to hear 



D— D 

DAKOVAT (dYakovatY) v. to 

thank 
DALEJ (dYaleY) adv. farther, 

further 
DALEKO (dYaleko) adv. far, far 

off 
DAM A (dAma) f. lady 
DAN (danY) f. tax 
DAR (dar) m. gift, present 
DAREBAK (darebAk) m. rascal, 

scoundrel, villain 
DARMO (darmo) adv. free, gra- 
tis ; in vain, uselessly 
DAT (datY) v. to give 
DATUM (dAtum) n. date 
DAVNO (dAvno) adv. long ago, 

long since 
DAZD (dizYdY) m. rain 
DCERA (dtsEra) f. daughter 
DEDIC (dYedYich) m. heir 
DELIT (dYelitY) v. to divide, to 

separate 
DEN (dYenY) m. day 
DESAT (dYesatY), ten 
DETI (dYetYi) pi. children 
DIETA (dYetYa) n. child 
DIEVCA (dYevcha) n. girl 
DIV (dYiv) m. wonder 
DIVY (dYivee) a. wild 
DYCHAf (deeXatY) v. to breath 
DLA (dlYa) prep, by, according 

to 
DLH (dlh) m. debt 
DLHY (dlhee) a. long 
DNES (dnYes) adv. to-day 
DO (do) prep, to; till, until 
DOBRE (dobre) adv. well 
DOBRY (dobree) a. good 
DOHROMADY (dohromadi) adv. 

together 
DO JEM (doYem) m. impression 



;> 



k 



— 99 — 

DOKONCIT (clokonchitY) v. to F 

finish, to end FABRIKA (fabrika) f. factory, 

DOM (dom) m. house manufactory 

DOMACI PAN (domltsi pin) m. FAJCIT (faYchitY) v. to smoke 

landlord FAJKA (faYka) f. pipe 

DOXIESt (donYYestY) v. to FARAR (farAr) m. parson, pastor 

carry, to bring FARBA (farba) f. color, paint 

DOPISOVAT (dopisovatY) v. to FLASA (flasha) f. bottle 

correspond, to write FUNT (funt) m. pound 

DOSPELY (dospelee) a. mature, 

adult, ripe G 

DOST (dostY) adv. enough GAZDOVAT (gazdovatY) v. to 

DOSTAT (dostatY) v. to get, economize ; to run a farm 

to receive GUMA (guma) f. gum 

DOSIAL (dos-YalY) adv. so far, 

thus far H 

DOVOLIT (dovolitY) v. to permit, HAD (had) m. snake 

to allow HANBA (hanYba) f. shame 

DOZAISTA (dozaista) adv. surely, HAVIAR (hav-Yar) m. miner 

certainly HYBAT (heebatY) v. to move, 

DREVO (drevo) n. wood to stir 

DRUH (druh) m. comrade, mate, HLADNY (hladnee) a. hungry 

companion HLAS (Mas) m. voice 

DRZY (drzee) a. impudent, saucy, HLAYA (hlava) f. head; chief 

bold HMOTNY (hmotnee) a. material 

DRZAT (drzYatY) v. to hold, HNED (hnYedY) adv. soon, im- 

to possess mediately 

DITCH (duX) m. spirit HNEV (hnYev) m. anger, wrath 

DUSA (ducha) f. soul HODIXA (hodYina) f. hour 

DVA (dva) pi. two HODIT (hodYitY) v. to throw 

DYOR (dvor) m. yard, court-yard HODIT SA (hodYitY sa) vr. to 

throw oneself 
E HORA (hora) f. mountain 

ECH (eX), eigh HORE (hore) adv. up 

EJ, EJHA, EJHLA (eY, eYha, HORE (hore) ! get up ! 

eYhlYa), behold, look there HORET (horetY) v. to burn 
ELEKTRIKA (elektrika) f. elec- HORI (horee) ! fire"! 

tricity HORiKY (horkee) a. bitter 

ESTE (eshtYe) adv. yet, still HORSI (horshee) comp. worse 
ESTE NIE (eshtYe nYYe), not HOTOVY (hotovee) a. ready, 

yet prepared, done 

■VANJELIUM (evanYelium) n. HOYORlf (hovoritY) v. to speak, 

gospel to converse, to talk 



— 100 — 

HRA (hra) f. play, game J 

HROB (hrob) m. grave JA (Ya), I 

HROMADA (hromada) f. heap, JABLKO (Ya:blko) n. apple 

pile JAK, JAKO (Yak, Yako), how, 

HROZNY (hroznee) a. awful, as, like 

terrible JAKY (Yakee) a. what kind 

HRUBY (hrubee) a. course, rude, ^ na t sort of 

rough JAKYSI (Yakeesi) a. a certain 

HUSTY (hustee) a. thick JAMA ( Yama ) f ' ditch > V {t hollow 

HVIEZDA (hvYezda) f. star JAE f " JAR0 n ' ( Yar > Yaro >> 

spring 

qjj JASNY (Yasnee) a. clear, bright, 

OHCET (XtsetY) v. to want, to H ^ nt 

desire JAZYK (Yazik) m. tongue 

OHYBA (Xiba) f. mistake, error, JED ( Yed ) m - P oison 
fault JE, JEST (Ye, Test), is 

CHLADNY (Xhladnee) a. cool, JEDEN > JED0X ( Yeden > Yedon )> 

chilly one 

OHLAP (Xlap) m. man, fellow JEDL0 ( Yedlo) n - food ' meal 

nxTT M>j?n m * \ \* i a JEDXATEL (YednatYelY) m. 
CHLAPEC (Xlapets) m. boy, lad 

a°*ent 
CHLIEB (XlYYeb) m. bread jEDNODUCHY (YednoduXee^ a. 

CHOD (Xod) m. walk, gait simple 

CBODIT (XodYitY) v. to walk, JEDNOTA (Yednota) f. unity, 

to go union 

OHORY (Xoree) a. sick, ill JEMNY (Yemnee) a. fine; gentle, 

CHUDOBNY (Xudobnee) a. poor, soft 

needful JEST (YestY) v. to eat 

CHVAUT (XvAlitY) v. to praise, JESTLI (Yestli), if 

to laud JEZIS (YezYish) m. Jesus 

CHVILA (XveelYa) f. while JURAJ, JURO (YuraY, Yuro) m. 

G-eorge 
I 
I (i) conj. and, too, even K 

IBA (iba) adv. only, but K, ku (k, ku) prep, to, unto, 

IHLA (ihla) f. needle towards 

INlC (inAch) adv. otherwise KABAT (kabAt) m. coat 

INY (inee) a. another KADE (kadYe) adv. where, which 

TNOKEDY (inokedi) adv. at other way 

time EAM (kam) adv. where, whereto 

1ST (istY) v. to go, to walk KAMEX (kamenY) m. stone 

ISTY (istee) a. certain, sure KAMKOLVEK (kamkolYvek) 

IZBA (izba) f. room adv. wherever, wheresoever 



— 101 — 

KiAMSI (kamsi) adv. somewhere L, L 

KATOLICKY (katoleetski) a. LACNY (latsnee) a. cheap 

catholic LAHKY (lYahkee) a. light, easy 

KATOLICKA (katoleeehka) f. LAMFA (lampa) f. lamp 

catholic LASKA (lAska) f. love 

KATOLIK (katoleek) m. catholic LASKA VY (lAskavee) a. kind, 
KAZEN (kAzenY) f. sermon, amiable 

discipline LE/KAR (lekAr) m. physician, 

KAZDY (kazYdee) a. every, each doctor 

KDE (kdYe) adv. where LEN (lYen) conj. only, but 

KEBY (kebi) conj. if, when, in LENIVY (lenYivee) a. idle, lazy 

case LEPSI (lYepshee) a. better 

KED (kedY) adv. when LETO (lYeto) n. summer 

KEDY (kedi) adv. when? LIECIT (lYYechitY) v. to heal, 

KEPA (kef a) f. brush to cure, to treat, to doctor 

KLAM (klam) m. deceit, fraud LIST (list) m. letter, document 
KLIAT (klYYatY) v. to curse, to LOD (lodY) f. ship, vessel, boat 

swear LUD (lYud) m. people 

KLIATBA (klYYatba) f. curse, LUDIA (lYudYa) pi. people 

anathema LUD SKY (lYudskee) a. human 

KLIN, KLINE C (Mm, klinYets) 

m. nail, wedge M 

KNAZ (knYaz) m. priest MAJ (mAY) m. May 

KNIHA (knYiha) f. book MAJETOK (maYetok) m. proper- 

KOLKO (kolYko) adv. how many ; ty 

how much MAKKTY (mAkkee) a. soft, tender 

KONECNY (konYechnee) a. final, MALY (malee) a. small, little 

last MANZEL (manzYel) m. husband 

KORLWA (koruna) f. crown MANZELKA (manzYelka) f. wife 

KRAJAN (kraYan) m. country- MANZELSTVO (manzYelstvo) n. 

man matrimony 

KRAXi (krllY) m. king ]\IAR(NE (marnYe) adv. in vain, 

KRASA (krAsa) f. beauty vainly, uselessly 

KRESTAN (krestYan) m. Chri- ]\IAiSO (mAso) n. flesh; meat 

stian MAT (matY) f. mother 

KRISTU8 (kristus) m. Christ MAT (maty) v. to have, to keep 

KRIZ (kreezY) m. cross MATKA (matka) f. mother 

KRSTIT (krstYitY) v. to baptize, MEDZI (medzi) prep, between, 

to christen among 

KRV (krv) f. blood MENO (meno) n. name 

KU8 (kus) m. piece, chunk, lump MENOVAT (menovatY) v. to 
KYAPiKA (kvapka) f. drop name 

KVET (kvet) m. flower MENSINA (menshina) f. minority 



— 102 — 






MESLAC (mes-yats) m. moon; NADEJ, NADEJA (nAdYeY, nA- 

month dYeYa) f. hope 

MESTO (mesto) n. city, town NADSENOST (nadshenostY) f. 

METLA (metla) f. broom enthusiasm 

MIEINKA (mYenka) f. opinion NAHLAS (nahlas) adv. aloud 

MIESTO (mYesto) n. place, spot NAHODA (nlhoda) f. chance, ac- 

MILY (milee) a. dear, beloved; , cident 

agreeable NAHRADA (nAhrada) f. compen- 

MILOST (milostY) f. grace, mercy m sa ^ ion 

MILOVAT (milovatY) v. to love NAJOM (nAYom) m. rent, lease 

MJMO (mimo) prep, beside, aside NAJPRV (naYprv) adv. firstly, 

~ m the first place 

MUNULt (minulee) a. past Nlj f ^ AY ^ v ' to find ' to 



MYSLIENKA (mishlYYenka) f. 



discover 

NAPOSLEDY (naposledi) adv. at 
thought, idea k finftU 

MYSLET (misletY) v. to think NASLED0 VAT (nasledovatY) v. 

MLADY (mladee) a. young tQ fo]]0W tQ ^^ 

MNOHO (mnoho), much, many NATQ (nato) ady< th 0I1| 

MOC (mots) f. might, power, force thereon 

MOONY (motsnee) a. strong, NAVRAT (nlvrat) m. return, re- 
powerful treat 

MODLIT SA (modlitY sa) vr. to NAVZAJOM (navzAYom) adv. 
pray to God mutually 

MODLITBA (modlitha) f. prayer NAVZDOR, NAYZDORY (na- 

MODRY (modree) a. blue vzdor, navzdori) in spite of 

MO J (mWOY), my, mine NAZAD, NAZPAT (nazad, na- 

MOKRY (mokree) a. wet zpAt) adv. backward, back; 

MRAVNY (mravnee) a. moral behind 

MUDRY (moodri) a. wise NAZPAMAT (nazpamltY) adv. 

MUSEf (musetY) v. to must by heart 

MUZ (muzY) m. man; husband NEBE, NEBO (nYebe. nYebo) n. 

MZDA (mzda) f. wages, pay heaven 

NEBEZPECNY (nYebezpechnee) 
N a. dangerous, unsafe 

NA (na) prep, on, upon; for, to NEDBAT (nYedbatY) v. not to 

NABOZENSTVO (nAbozYenstvo) care 

n. religion NEOISTY (nYechistee) a. unclean 

NABOZNY (nAbozYnee) a. pious, impure 

religious NEHODNY (nYehodnee) a. un- 

NACO (nacho), what for, why worthy 

NAD, NADO (nad, nado) prep. NECHAT (nYeXatY) v. to let, to 
over, above, beyond leave, to permit 



— 103 — 

NEJAK, NEJAKO (nYeYak, nYe- OBCHOD (obXod) m. trade, busi- 
Yako) adv. somehow ness, (business) store 

NEISTY (nYe-istee) a. uncertain, OBCHODNIK (obXodnYeek) m. 
unsafe business man, merchant, trad- 

NENI (nYenYi), it is not, it isn't er, dealer 

NEPORIADOK (nYeporiYadok) OBLEK (oblek) m. dress, cloth- 
m. disorder, confusion j n g } su jt 

NEPRIATEL (nYepr-YatelY) m. OBLOHA (obloha) f. sky, firma- 
enemy ^ men t 

NEZDRAVY (nYezdravee) a. un- OBNOVIT (obnovitY) v. to re- 
healthy new, to renovate 

NEZ, NEZLI (nYezY, nYezYli) OBRANIT (obrAnitY) v. to de- 
conj. but, than fend 

NIC (nYich) adv. nothing OBRAZ (obraz) m. picture 

NIEJnYYe) adv. no, not OBZVLAST (obzvllshtY) adv. 

NIECO (nYYecho), something especially 

NIEKDE (nYYekdYe) adv. some- oceL (otselY) f gteel 

where 

NIEKEDY (nYYekedi) adv. some- ° D ' ° D ° ( ° d ' ° do) prep - from ' ° f ' 
,. since 

times 

ATTT _ mA __._ ODDIEL (oddYYel) m. part, di- 
NIK, NIKTO (nYik, nYikto), no • • , , 

, , vision, branch 

one, nobody 0DEy (odYey) f dreg costume 

NIKDA, NIKDY (nYikda, nYik- c i thing 

di) adv. never, at no time ODKIAL (odkYalY) adv. whence, 

NOC (nots) f. night where from 

NOHA (noha) f. foot; leg ODMENA (odmena) f. reward, 

NOVINY (novini) pi. newspaper prize 

NOVY (novee) a. new, fresh ODNIEST (odnYYestY) v. to 

NOZ (nWOzY) m. knife take away, to carry away 

NUZ (nuzY), well, well then ODOPRET (odopretY) v. to re- 

fuse, to deny 
ODPOVED (odpovedY) f. answer, 
(o) prep, of, about; round, for, reply 

at ODPOVED At (odpovedatY) v. 

OB A, OBAJA, OBIDVA (oba, o- to answer, to reply, to respond 

^baYa, obidva) m. both ODPUSTlt (odpustYitY) v. to 

OBCAN ( obchan) m. citizen pardon, to forgive, to excuse 

; OBE, OBIDVE (obe, obidve) f. OHEN (ohenY) m. fire 

both OHLASIT (ohlAsitY) v. to an- 

OBED (obed) m. dinner nounce, to make kno^vn 

OBEt, OBETA (obetY, obeta) f. OCHOTNY (oXotnee) a. ready, 

sacrifice, offering willing 



— 104 — 

OCHRANA (oXrana) f. defence, PAMATAT (pamltatY) v. to re- 
protection member 

OKAMIH, OKAMZIK (okamih, p AN (pin) m. master, lord; gen- 

okamzYik) m. twinkling of , tleman 

an eye, instant P ^ N (P^n) m - mister, Mr. 

OKNO (okno) n. window PANI (P anYi ) f - lad ^ Mrs ' 

OKO (oko) n. eye PANNA (panna) f. virgin 

OKOLO (okolo) prep, about, PAPEZ (P A P ezY ) m - P°P* 

roundabout PAPIER (papYer) m. paper 

OKREM (okrem) prep, besides PAR <P Ar ) m ' P air > C0U P le 

OLEJ (oleY) m. oil PARA <P ara ) f ' steam > va P or 

OLOVO (olovo) n. lead PE 9 (P ets ) f ' m ' oven > stove 

OMYL (omil) m. mistake, error PECAT (P^hatY) f. seal 

™ ™ a ™^ / nt. PEKLO (peklo) n. hell 

ON, ONA, ONO (on, ona, ono), he, t>™ T t a v , v N 

.' v ' ' '* ' PENIAZ (penYaz) m. com 

v * J PERO (pero) n. pen 

OPROTI, PROTI (oprotYi, pro- PES (pes) m dog 

tYi) prep, opposite to, against PEV NY (pevnee) a. fast, strong, 

OSOBNE (osobnYe) adv. person- firm 

ally, PIATOK (pYatok) m. Friday 

OSOBNY (osobnee) a. personal PIJAK (piYAk) m. drinker, 

OSUD (osud) m. fate drunkard 

OTEC (otYets) m. father PISAT (peesatY) v. to write 

OTROK (otrok) m. slave PISMO (peesmo) m. writing, 

OTVORIT (otvoritY) v. to open handwriting 

OVCA (ovtsa) f. sheep PIT (pitY) v. to drink 

OVOCIE (ovots-Ye) n. fruit PIVO (pivo) n. beer 

OVSEM (ovshem) adv. of course PLAC (plach) m. weeping, crying 

OZBROJIT (ozbroYitY) v. to arm PLAT (plat) m. pay, salary 

OZNAMENIE (oznlmenYYe) n. PLATIT (platYitY) v. to pay 

notice, proclamation PLNY (plnee) a. full, complete 

OZVAT SA (ozvatY) vr. to ans- PO (po) prep, after, until; by, 

wer, to respond over 

POCASIE (pochas-Ye) n. weather 

P POCET (pochet)m. number, figure 

PAD (pAd) m. fall; case POD (pod) prep, under, below 

PADNUT (padnootY) v. to fall, POKLAD (pohlYad) m. look, 

to drop sight 

PALICA (palitsa) f. stick, staff, POKLADNIK (pokladnYeek) m. 

cane treasurer, cashier 
PALIT (pAlitY) v. to burn; to POKOJ (pokoY) m. peace, quiet- 
fire ness 






— 105 — 

POL, POLOVICA (pol, polovitsa), PRACA (prAtsa) f. work, labor 

half PRACOVAT (pratsovatY) v. to 

POLE (polYe) n. field work, to labor 

POMALY (pomali) adv. slowly, PRAVDA (pravda) f. truth 

gradually PRAVO (prAvo) right; law 

POMOC (pomots) f. help, aid, as- PRAZDNY (prAzdnee) a. empty; 

sistance vacant; blank 

PONE VAC (ponYevAch) because, PRE (pre) prep, for, in order to 

whereas PREC (prech) adv. away 

PONIZENY (ponYeezYenee) a. PRECO precho) why 

humble PRED (pred) pred. before; ago, 

PORIADOK (porYadok) m. order, since 

regulation PRED A J (predaY) m. sale 

POSLEDNY (poslednee) a. last PREDAT (predatY) v. to sell 
POSOL (posol) m. messenger, cou- PREDPLATNE ,predplatnE) n. 

rier subscription 

POSLUSNY (poslushnee) a. obe- PREDSA (predsa) adv. still, yet 

dient PREDSEDA (predseda) m. presi- 

POSTACIT (postachitY) v. to suf- dent, chairman 

fice PREDTYM (predteem), before, 

POSTAVIT (postavitY) v. to formerly 

place ; to build PREMENIT (premenYitY) v. to 

POSTUP (postup) m. advance, change 

progress PRIAMY (prYami) a. direct, 

POTOM (potom) after, after- straight 

wards; then PRIATEL (prYYatYelY) m. 

POTREBA (potreba) f. need, ne- friend 

cessity PRICINA (preechina) f. cause 

POTREBOVAT (potrebovatY) v. PRIJAT (priYatY) v. to take, to 

to want, to need accept, to receive 

POUZIT (pouzYitY) v. to use, to PRiKLAD (preeklad) m. example 

make use of PRILEZITOST (preelezYitostY) 

POVEDAT (povedatY) v. to say, f. opportunity, occasion 

to tell PRIPAD (preepad) m. case, event, 

POVINNOSf (povinnostY) f. du- occurrence 

ty, obligation PRIPRAYIT (pripravitY) v. to 

POZDRAVIT (pozdravitY), v. to prepare, to make ready 

greet, to salute PRISAHAT (prisahatY) v. to 

POZNAT (poznatY) v. to know, swear, to take an oath 

to recognize PRITOMNY (preetomnee) a. pre- 

POZOR (pozor) m. attention sent 

POZRET (pozretY) v. to look, to PROSBA (prosba) f. request, sup 

glance plication 



— 106 



PROSIT (prositY) v. to request, 

to beg, to pray 
PRV (prv) adv. before, previously 
PUSTIT (pustYitY) v. to let go 



RAD (rad) m. row, line 

RAD (rAd) adv. gladly, with plea- 
sure 

RADIT (radYitY) v. to advise, to 
counsel 

RADOSt (radostY) f. joy, plea- 
sure, gladness 

RADOVAT sa (radovatY sa) vr. 
to rejoice, to exult 

RANA (rana) f. wound, stroke, 
blow 

RANIT (ranYitY) v. to wound, 
to hurt 

RANO (rAno) n. morning 

RAZ (raz), once, one time 

RAZ (rAz) m. character 

REC (rech) f. speech, talk, lan- 
guage 

RECNIT (rechnYitY) v. to speak, 
to deliver a speech 

REMESLO (remeslo) n. trade, 
craft 

REZAT (rezatY) v. to cut, to chop 

RIADIT (rYadYitY) v. to direct, 
to manage, to run, to regulate 

RIADNY (rYadni) a. regular 

RIEKA (rYeka) f. river 

RIMSKY (rimskee) a. Roman 

ROBIT (robitY) v. to work, to 
make 

ROBOTA (robota) f. work, labor 

RODINA (rodYina) f. family 

ROK (rok) m. year 

ROVNY (rovnee) a. straight, even 

ROVNOS'f (rovnostY) f. equa- 
lity, evenness 



ROZDIEL (rozdYYel) m. diffe- 
rence 

ROZKAZ (rozkaz) m. order, com- 
mand 

ROZUM (rozum) m. reason, sense, 
understanding 

ROZUMEt (rozumetY) v. to un- 
derstand 

RUKA (ruka) f. hand 

RUZA (ruzYa) f. rose 

RUZENEC (ruzYenYets) m. ro- 
sary, beads 

S 

S, SO (s, so) prep, with, down, 

from 
SAM (sAm) a. alone, self 
SBIERKA (sbYYerka) f. collec- 
tion 
SBOR (sbor) m. body, assembly 
SEDET (sedYetY) v. to sit 
SEKERA (sekera) f. ax 
SEM (sem) adv. here, hither 
SEMENO (semeno) n. seed 
SHODIT (zhodYitY) v. to throw 

down, to throw off 
SHORA (zhora) adv. from above 
SHROM AZDENIE ( zhromazY- 
dYenYYe) n. meeting, essem- 
blage 
SCHODY (sXodi) pi. stairs, steps 
SCHODZA (sXWOdza) f. meeting 
SICE (seetse) adv. else; indeed 
SILA (sila) f. strength, force 
SILNY (silnee) a. strong, power- 
ful 
SKRYt (skritY) v. to hide, to 

conceal 
SKORO (skoro) adv. quickly, 

early ; almost, nearly 
SKUTOK (skutok) m. fact, deed 
SLABY (slabee) a. weak 
SLADKY (sladkee) a. sweet 






— 107 



SLEPY (slYepee) a. blind 
SLNKO (slnko) n. sun, sunlight 
SLOVO (slovo) n. word 
SLUB (slYub) m. promise 
SLUZIT (sloozYitY) v. to serve 
SMELY (smelee) a. bold, daring 
SMI At SA (smYatY sa) vr. to 

laugh 
SMRt (smrtY) f. death 
SMUTNY (smutnee) a. sad 
SNAD, ASNAD (snldY, asnAdY) 

adv. perhaps 
SOBAS (sobAsh) m. marriage, 

wedding 
SOTVA (sotva) adv. scarcely, al- 
most 
SPAT (spatY) v. to sleep 
SPIEVAT (spYYevatY) v. to sing 
SPOLOCNOSt (spolochnostY) f. 

company 
SPOLU (spolu) adv. together 
SPOSOB spWOsob) m. manner, 

way, form, kind 
SPRA VODLI V Y ( spravodli vee ) 

a. just, righteous 
SRDCE (srdtse) n. heart 
STALY (stAlee) a. steady, con- 
stant 
STARY (staree) a. old 
STAV (stav) m. condition, situa- 
tion 
STRANA (strana) f. side, party 
STREDA (streda) f. Wednesday 
STRIEZLIVY (strYezlivee) a. 

sober 
SUDIT (soodYitY) v. to judge 
SUCHY (suXee) a. dry 
SVET (svet) m. world 
SVETLO (svetlo) n. light 
SVIEZI (svYezYee) a. fresh 
SVOBODNY (svobodnee) a. free 



S 

SATY (shati) pi. f. clothes 
SIROKY (shirokee) a. wide, 

broad 
SKODA (shkoda) f. damage 
SPINA (shpina) f. dirt 
STASTIE (shtYastYYe) good 

luck, good fortune 
STASTNY (shtYastnee) a. happy, 

lucky, fortunate 



TAK (tak) adv. so, thus 
TAKMER, TEMER (takmer, te- 

mer) adv. almost, nearly 
TAM (tarn) adv. there, yonder, 

thither 
TAZKY (tYazYkee) a. heavy; 

hard, difficult 
TEDA, TEDY (teda, tedy) adv. 

then 
TELO (tYelo) n. body 
TENKY (tYenkee) a. thin 
TENTO (tento) a. this 
TEPLY (tYeplee) a. warm 
TERAZ (teraz) adv. now, this 

time 
TESNY (tYesnee) a. tight, close 
TESIT (tYeshitY) v. to comfort, 

to console 
TIEZ (tYezY) also, too 
TICHY (tYiXee) a. still, quiet 
TLAClT (tlachitY) v. to press, to 

squeeze ; to print 
TMA (tma) f. darkness 
TMAVY (tmavee) a. dark, obscure 
TROCHA, TROCHU (troXa, tro- 

Xu) adv. a little 
TVRDY (tvrdee) a. hard, obdu- 
rate 



— 108 — 

U VIAC (vYats) comp. more 

U (u) prep, at, by, near, in VIANOCE (vYanotse) p. f. Christ- 

UBOHY (oobohee) a. miserable, mas 

wretched VIERA (vYYera) f. faith, belief 

UCITEL (uchitYelY) m. teacher VIETOR (vYYetor) m. wind 
UCITELKA (uchitYelLka) f. tea- VINNY (vinnee) a. guilty 

cher VITAT (veetatY) v. to welcome 

UCIT (uchitY) v. to teach VITAZ (veetYaz) m. victor 

UCIT sa (uchitY sa) vr. to learn VY (vi) you 
UD (ood) m. member VLADA (vlAda) f. government 

UHLIE (uhlYYe) n. coal VLAK (vlak) m. train 

UKAZAT (uklzatY) v. to show, VOBEC (vWObets) adv. corn- 
to demonstrate monly, in general, at all 
UMRET (umretY) v. to die VODA (voda) f. water 
UPRIMNY (ooprimnee) a. since- VODCA (vodtsa) m. leader 
re, frank VOJSKO (voYsko) n. army 
URAD (oorad) m. office VOLIT (volYitY) v. to elect, to 
URAZKA (urlzYka) f. offense, vote 

insult VOLNY (volYnee) a. free; loose 

URCITY (urchitee) a. fixed, posi- VOLNO (volYno) ! Come in! 

tive, precise VON (von) adv. out 

TJSPECH (oospeX) m. success VRATIT (vrltitY) v. to give 
USTAV (oostav) m. institute back to return 

USTAVA (oostava) f. constitution ySTAt ( vstatY) v to t to 
USTNE (oostnYe) adv. orally gtand tQ rige 

USTREDNY (oostrednee) a. cen- ^^ ^^ y ^ ^ 

UTIECT (utYYetstY) v. to run _ fi .^^ ™ ■ " 

, », VSADE (vshadYe) adv. every- 

away, to escape, to ilee v J 

UTLY (ootlee) a. tender, soft, de- 6 JL ere . 

,. . VSAK (vshak) conj. but, however 

iiCctxe v , 

UZKY (oozkee) a. narrow, small VSBLIJAKY (vsheliYakee) a. va- 

UZ (uzY) adv. already rious ' different, of all sorts 

VSEMOHUCI (vshemohootsi) a. 
V almighty 

V, VO (v, vo) prep, in, to, within, VZDOR, VZDORY (vzdor, vzdo- 
inside ri) prep, in spite of 

VACSl (vAchshee) comp. greater, VZOR (vzor) m. model 

larger YZORKA (vzorka) f. sample 

VACSlNA (vAchshina) f. major- 
ity Z 

VALKA (vAlka) f. war Z, ZO (z, zo) prep, from, out, out 

VELMI (velYmi) adv. very of 



— 109 



ZA (za) prep, after; for; behind; ZDRAVY (zdravee) a. well, heal- 
across thy, sound 
ZABAVA (zAbava) f. amusement, ZEM (zem) f. earth; land, ground 



: i 



entertainment 

ZABIT (zabitY) v. to kill 

ZACIATOK (zachYatok) m. beg- 
inning 

ZAHRADA (zlhrada) f. garden 

ZAKON (zlkon) m. law 

ZAMESTNANIE (zamestnanYYe) 
n. employment, business, oc- 
cupation 

ZAP AS (zApas) m. fight, strug- 
gle, contest 

ZAPIS (zApis) m. record, regi- 
ster ; enrolment, enlistment 

ZAPISNIK (zApisnYeek) m. re- 
corder, secretary 

ZAROVEN (zArovenY) adv. at 
the same time 

ZASTAVA (zlstava) f. flag, ban- 
ner 

ZASTUP (zlstup) m. crowd, 
throng, multitude 

ZAVRET (zavretY) v. to shut, to 
close 

ZBRAN (zranY) f. weapon 

ZDAR (zdar) m. success 

ZDARMA (zdarma) adv. free, 
gratis, for nothing 



ZKADE (zkadYe) adv. whence 
ZKAZIT (zkazitY) v. to ruin, to 

spoil, to destroy 
ZLATO (zlato) n. gold 
ZLE (zle) adv. badly 
ZLY (zlee) a. bad, evil, wicked 
ZNAT (znatY) v. to know, to un- 
derstand 
ZOSTAf (zostatY) v. to stay, to 

remain 
ZTRATA (ztrata) f. loss, damage 
ZVADA (zvada) f. quarrel 
ZVIERA (zvYera) n. animal 



ZALOVAT (zYalovatY) v. to com- 
plain of 

ZE (zYe) conj. that, since, be- 
cause 

ZELEZO (zYelYezo) n. iron 

ZENA (zYena) f. woman, wife 

ZIADOST (zY-YadostY) f. re- 
quest, petition, wish 

Zlf (zYitY) v. to live 

ZIVOT (zYivot) m. life 

ZLTY (zYltee) a. yellow 

ZUT (zYutY) v. to chew, to ma- 
sticate 



'^STtS^ 



— 110 — 



English and Slovak Vocabulary 



A, AN, jeden (Yeden) a. 
ABILITY, schopnost' (sXopnostY) 

f. 
ABOUT, asi (asi), okolo (okolo) 
ABOVE, vyse (vishe), nad (nad) 
ABSENT, nepritomny (nYepree- 

tomnee) a. 
ACCENT, prizvuk (preezvuk) m. 
ACCEPT, prijat' (priYatY) v. 
ACCIDENT, nehoda (nYelioda) f. 
ACCORDING TO, podl'a (podlYa) 

prep. 
ACCOUNT, ucet (oochet) m. 
ACCURATE, spravny (sprAvnee) 

a. 
ACCUSE, obvinit' (obvinYitY) v. 
ACKNOWLEDGE, uznat' (u- 

znatY) v. 
ACT, emit' (chinitY) v. 
ACT, cin (chin) m. 
ADD, pridat' (pridatY) v. 
ADRESS, adressa (adressa) f. 
ADMIT, pripustit' (pripustYitY) 

v. 
ADULT, dospely (dospelee) a. 
ADVERTISEMENT, ohlaska Co- 
lli Ashka) f. 
ADVISE, radit' (radYitY) v. 
AFTER, za (za), po (po) prep. 
AFTER ALL, koneene (konYech- 

nYe) 
AGAIN, znovu (znovu), zase (za- 

se) adv. 
AGAINST, proti (protYi) prep. 
AGE, vek (vek) m. 
AGENT, agent (agent) m. 
AGO, pred (pred) prep. 
AGREEMENT, smluva (smluva) 

f. 



AHEAD, napred (napred) 

AID, pomahat' (pomAhatY) v. 

AIM, ciel' (ts-YelY) m. 

AIR, vzduch (vzduX) m. 

ALIKE, podobny (podobnee) a. 

ALIVE, zivy (zYivee) a. 

ALL, vsetko (vchetko) ; cely (tse- 

lee) a. 
ALONE, sam (sAm) 
ALOUD, hlasno (hlasno) adv. 
ALSO, tiez (tYYezY) 
ALWAYS, vzdy (vzYdi) adv. 
AM, som (som) 

AMONG, medzi (medzi) prep. 
AND, a (a), i (i) conj. 
ANGEL, anjel (anYel) m. 
ANGER, hnev (hnYev) m. 
ANGRY, nahnevany (nahnYeva- 

nee) a. 
ANOTHER, iny (inee), druhy 

(druhee) a. 
ANSWER, odpovedat' (odpove- 

datY) v. 
ANSWER, odpoved' (odpovedY) 

s. f. 
ANY, barsktory (bArsktoree) a. 
APPLE, jablko (Yablko) n. 
APRIL, april (apreel) m 
ARGUMENT, dokaz (dWOkaz)m. 
AROUND, okolo (okolo) 
ARTICLE, vec (vets) f., clanok 

(chlAnok) m. 
AS, ako (ako) 
AS IF, jakoby (Yakobi) 
AS SOON AS, jakmile (Yakmile) 
ASIDE, okrem ; na stranu 
ASK, pytaU (peetatY) v. 
ASPIRE, tiizif (toozYitY) v. 
ASS, osol (osol) m. 
ASSIST, pomahat (pomAhatY) v. 



— Ill — 

AT, v (v), vo (vo), u (u), pri BESIDE, mimo (mimo), okrem 

(pri) prep. (okrem) prep. 

ATTACK, utok (ootok) s. m. BESIDES, okrem toho (okrem to- 
ATTACK, utocit' (ootochitY) v. ho) 

ATTENTION, pozor (pozor) m. BET, stavit' sa (stavitY sa) vr. 

AUGUST, august (august) m. BETRAY, zradit' (zradYitY) v. 

AUTHOR, povodca (pWOvodtsa) BETTER, lepsi (lepshee) comp. 

m. BEWARE, dat' pozor (datY po- 
AWAY, prec (prech) zor) v. 

BEYOND, za (za), nad (nad) 
B prep. 

BABY, diet'a (dYYetYa), uemluv- BID, nabidka (nabeedka) s. f. 

na (nYemluvnYa) u. BID, nabidnut' (nabeednutY) v. 

BACK, zad (zad), nazad (nazad) BIG, vel'ky (velYkee) a. 

BACKWARD, nazad (nazad) BILL, ticet (oochet) m. ; zobak 
BAD, zly (zlee) a ; zobAk) 

BAIL, zaruka (zAruka) f. BIND, viazat' (vYazatY) v. 

BAKER, pekar (pekAr) m. ^ BIRD, vtak (vtlk) m. 

BALL, lobda (lobda) f. ; bal (bAl) BIRTH) naro denie (narodYe- 

m - f uYYe) n. 

BANKER, bankar (baiikAr) m. BISH0P , biskup (biskup) m. 

BAPTISM, krst (krst) m. - RTrp , ,. ' . / ' n 

BASKET, kos (kosh) m. BIT ^ (kus) m " kuSok ( ko0 " 

^T^v!vS koopelY) s * m * BI ™> *£* ( koosat ' Y ) *• 

BE, byt' (bitY) v. } 

BEAT, bit' (bitY), porazit' (pora- BITTER > ^orky (horkee) a., trp- 

zitY) v. k ^ ( tr P kee ) a 

BEAUTIFUL, krasny (krAsuee) a. BLA CK, cierny (chYeruee) a. 

BECAUSE, peuevac (ponYevAch) BLAME > ™A (vmYitY) v. 

BED, poster (postYelY) f. BLANK, prazdny (prAzdnee) a., 
BEER, pivo (pivo) n. 6lst ^ (<*istee) a. 

BEFORE, pred (pred), nez BLANKET, deka (deka) f., po- 

nYezY) kryvka (pokreevka) f. 

BEG, prosit' (prositY), zobrat? BLEED, krvacat' (krvAtsaty) v. 

(zYobratY) v. BLIND, slepy (slepee) a. 

BEGIN, zacat' (zachatY) v. BLISS, blaho (blaho) n. 

BEHIND, za (za) prep. BLOCK, spalok (shpalok) m., 
BELIEVE, verit' (veritY) v. stvorhran (shtvorhran) m. 

BELONG, patrit' (patritY) v. "blok" (blok) m. 

BELT, pas (pAs) m BLOOD, krv (krv) f. 

BENEATH, pod (pod) prep. BLUE, modry (modree) a. 

BENEDICTION, pozehnanie (po- BLUNT, tupy (tupee) a., priamy 

zYehnanYYe) n. prYamee) a. 



— 112 — 

BOARD, doska (doska) f. ; ztrava BUSY, zaujaty (zauYatee) a. 

(ztrava) f. ; sbor (sbor) m. ; BUT, ale (alYe) conj. 

vybor (veebor) m. BUTCHER, masiar (mAs-Yar) m. 

BODY, telo (tYelo) n.; trup BUTTER, maslo (maslo) n. 

(trap) m. BUTTON, gombik (gombeek) m. 

BOLD, smely (smelee) a. BUY, kupit' (koopitY) v. 

BOND, svaz (svAz) m. ; zaruka BY, pri (pri), u (u) prep. 

(zAruka) f. 
BONE, kostf (kostY) f. C 

BOOK, kniha (knYiha) i, knizka CABBAGE, kapusta (kapusta) f. 

(knYizYka) f. CAGE, klietka (klYYetka) f. 

BORN, narodeny (narodYenee) a. CAKE, kolac (kolAch) m. 
BOSS, pan (pAn), zamestnavac CALCULATE, pocitat' (pochee- 

(zamestnAvach) m. tatY) v. 

BOTH, oba (oba) m. ; obe (obe) f. CALENDAR, kalendar (kalen- 
BOTTLE, flasa (flasha) f. dir) m. 

BOX, bedna (bedna) f., skatul'a CALL, volat' (volatY) v. 

shkatulYa) f., "boxa" (bo- CALM, tichy (tYiXee) a. 

xa) f. CAN, konva (konva) f., plechac 

BOY, chlapec (Xlapets) m. (plYeXAch), "kena" (kena f. 

BRAIN, modzog (modzog) m. ; CAN, mocf (mWOtstY) v. 

modzgy (modzgi) pi. f. CANCEL, zrusit' (zrushitY) v., za- 

BRANCH, vetva (vetva) f., ko- stavit' (zastavitY) v. 

nar (konAr) m. CANDLE, sviecka (svYechka) f. 

BRANDY, palenka (pAlenka) f. CANDY, cukroviny (tsukrovini) 
BRAVE, udatny( udatnee) a., pi. f. 

chrabry (Xrabree) a. CAP, ciapka (chYapka) f. 

BREAK, zlomit' (zlomitY) v.; roz- CAR, kara (klra), i, voz(vWOz) 

bit' (rozbitY) v. m. 

BREAKFAST, ranajky (ranYaY- CARE, starost' (starostY) f. 

ki) pi. f. CARRY, niestf (nYYestY) v. ; 

BRIGHT, jasny (Yasnee) a.; culy viezt' (vYYestY) v. 

(chulee) a. CASE, pripad (preepad) m.; bed- 

BROAD, siroky (shirokee) a. na (bedna) f. 

BROKEN, zlomeny (zlomenee) a. CASH, hotove (hotovE) pi. 
BROOM, metla (metla) f. CASH, zamenit' (zamenYitY) v. 

BROWN, hnedy (HnYedee) a., CAT, macka (machka) f. 

braunovy (brannovee) a. CATCH, chytif (XitYitY) v., la- 
BRUSH, kefa (kefa) f. pit (lapitY) v. 

BUILD, stavat' (stavatY) v. CATECHISM, katechismus (kate- 

BURDEN, t'archa (tYarXa) f., kismus) m. 

bremeno (bremeno) n. CAUSE, pricina (preechina) s. f. 

BURN, palit' (pAlitY) v. CELEBRATE, slavit (sllvitY) v. 



— 113 — 

CERTAIN, isty (istee) a. CLOTH, platno (plAtno) n., sudno 

CHAIR, stolicka (stolichka) f., (sookno) n. 

stolok (stolok) m. CLOTHES, saty (shati) pi. f. 

CHANCE, prihoda (preehoda) f., COAL, uhlie (uhlYYe) n. 

nahoda (nAhoda) f. COAT, kabat (kabAt) m. 

CHANGE (in money), drobne COFFEE, kava (klva) f. 

(drobnE) pi. COKE, koks (koks) m. 

CHANGE, zmena (zmena) s. f. COLD, studeny (studYenee) a., 
CHANGE, menit' (menYitY) v., zimny (zimnee) a. 

zmenit' (zmenYitY) v. COLD, zima (zima) s. f. 

CHARITY, dobrocinnost' (dobro- C0L LECT, sbierat' (sbYeratY) v., 

chinnostY) f. sobraf (sobrat Y) v. 

CHEAP, lacny (latsnee) a. rtr . r ,._, , ,, . „ 

CHEAT, klamaf (klamatY), audit S™^™ ■ ^TVm 
f<rtmdVim v COMBINE, spcgit' (spoYitY) v. 

CHECK cek (check) m., po- CQME m , YoYno (volYno) , 

njr ^ kA ( P°77 k 7 \ COMMIT, spachat' (spAXatY) v.; 

CHECK,, zastavit' (zastavitY) v., ' * ^ 

zadrzat' (zadrzYatY) v. oddat ' (oddatY) v. 

CHEERFUL, vesely (veselee) a. COMMITTEE, vybor (veebor) m. 
CHEW, zuvat' (zYuvatY) v. COMMON, obycajny (obichaYnee) 

CHILD, diet'a (dYYetYa) n. a., spolocny (spolochnee) a. 

CHOICE, vyber (veeber) m. COMPANY, spolocnost' (spoloch- 

CHRIST, Kristus (kristus) m. nostY) f. 

CHRISTMAS, Vianoce (vYano- COMPARE, porovnat' (porov- 

tse) pi. f. natY) v. 

CHURCH, kostol (kostol) m. COMPENSATION, nahrada (nl- 

CITIZEN, obcan (obchan) m. hrada) f. 

CITY, mesta (mesto) n. CONCEDE, pripustit' (pripu- 

CLAIM, narok (nArok) m., pozia- stYitY) v. priznat (priznatY) 

davka (pozYYadavka) f. v. 

CLASH, srazka (srlzYka) f. CONDITION, stav (stav) m. 

CLEAN, cisty (chistee) a. CONFESSION, spoved' (spovedY) 

CLEAR, jasny (Yasnee) a. f. 

CLERK, pisar (pisAr) m., pomoc- CONFIDENCE, dovera (dWOve- 

nik (pomotsnYeek) m. ra) f. 

CLOCK, hodiny (hodYini) pi. f. CONFIRM, potvrdit' (potvrdYitY) 
CLOSE, zavreny (zavrenee) a., v. 

blizky (bleezkee) a., verny CONFUSION, zmatok (zmAtok) 

(vernee) a. m. 

CLOSE, zavret' (zavretY) v., uza- CONSENT, suhlas (soohlas) hi. 

vret' (uzavretY) ; skoncit' CONSEQUENCE, nasledok (nA- 

(skonchitY) sledok) m. 



— 114 — 



CONTINUE, pokracovat' (pokra- 

chovatY) v. 
CONTRACT, smluva (smluva) f., 

kontrakt (kontrakt) m. 
COOK, kuchar (kuXAr) m.; ku- 

charka (kuXArka) f. 
COPY, opis (opis) m., odtisk (od- 

tYisk) m., vzor (vzor) m., ko- 

pia (k6pi-a) f. 
CORNER, roh (roh) m.,kut(koot) 

m. 
CORRECT, spravny (sprAvnee) 

a. 
COST, cena (tsena) i 
COST, stat' (stAtY) v. 
COUGH, kasel (kashelY) m. 
COUGH, kaslat' (kashlYatY) v. 
COUNT, pocitaf (pocheetatY) v. 
COUNTRY, vlasf (vlastY) 1, von- 

kov (vonkov) m. 
COUPLE, par (pAr) m. 
CREAM, smotana (smotana) f. 
CREDIT, liver (oover) m. 
CRIME, zlocin (zloshin) m. 
CROSS, kriz (kreezY) m. 
CRY, plakat' (plakatY) v. 
CURE, liecif (lYYechitY) v. 
CURIOUS, zvedavy (vedavee) a. 
CUSTOM, zvyk (zvik) m., obycaj 

(obichaY) m. ; clo (tslo) n. 
CUT, rez (rez) m. 
CUT, rezat' (rezatY) v., krajat' 

krAYatY) 



DAILY, denny (dYennee) a. 
DAILY, denne (dYennYe) adv. 
DAMAGE, skoda (shkoda) s. f. 
DAMP, vlhky (vlhkee) a. 
DANCE, tanee (tanYets) s. m. 
DANCE, tancitf (tanchitY) v. 
DARE, smet' (smetY) v., opovazit 
sa (opovAzYitY sa) v. 



DARK, tma (tma) s. f. 
DARK, tmavy (tmavee) a. 
DATE, datum (dAtum) n. ; datle 

(datlYe) pi. f. 
DAUGHTER, dcera (dtsEra) f. 
DAY, den (dYenY) m. 
DEAD, mrtvy (mrtvee) a. 
DEAF, Wuchy (hluXee) a. 
DEAL, delit' (dYelYitY) v. 
DEAR, drahy (drahee) a. 
DEBT, dlh (dih) m., dlzoba 

(dlzYoba) f. 
DECEIVE, oklamat' (oklamatY) v. 
DECENT, slusny (slushnee) a. 
DECEMBER, december (detsem- 

ber) m. 
DECIDE, rozhodntit' (rozhod- 

nootY) v. 
DECISIONt' rozhodnutie (rozhod- 

nutYYe) n. 
DEED, cin (schin) m., skutok 

(skutok) m. ; (as document) 

predajna smluva (predaYnA 

smluva) f. 
DEEP, hlboky (hlbokee) a. 
DEFEAT, porazka (poorlzYka) 

f. 
DEFECT, chyba (Xiba) f. 
DEFEND, branit' (brlnYitY) v. 
DEFINITE, urcity (urchitee) a., 

isty (istee) a. 
DELAY, opozdenie (opozdYenY- 

Ye) n., odlozenie (odlozenY- 

Ye) n. 
DELIVER, dodat' (dodatY) v., 

predniest' (prednYYestY) v. 
DENSE, husty (hustee) a. 
DEPARTMENT, oddelenie (od- 

dYelYenYYe) n. 
DEPOSIT, vklad (vklad) m. 
DESCRIBE, opisat' (opeesatY) v. 



115 



DESERVE, zasluzit' (zasloozYitY) 

v. 
DESPITE, vzdor (vzdor) 
DESTROY, znicit' (znYichitY) v. 
DETAIL, podrobnost' (podrob- 

nostY) f. 
DEVIL, cert (chert) m., diabol 

(dYYabol) m. 
DIE, zomret' (zomrety) v. 
DIFFERENCE, rozdiel (rozdY- 

Yel) m. 
DIFFICULT, t'azky (tYazYkee) 

a. 
DIG, kopat' (kopatY) v. 
DINNER, obed (obed) m. 
DIRECTION, smer (smer) m. 
DIRTY, spina vy (shpinavee) a. 
DISCOUNT, srazka (srAzYka) f. 
DISEASE, nemoc (nYemots) f. 
DISORDER, meporiadok (nYepo- 

rYadok) m. 
DISTANCE, diaPka (dYYalYka) 

f. 
DISTRIBUTE, rozdat' (rozdatY) 

v. 
DITCH, jama (Yama) f., priekopa 

(prYekopa) f. 
DIVIDE, rozdelit' (rozdYelitY) v. 
DIVINE, bozsky (bozYskee) a. 
DIVISION, oddiel (odYYel) m.; 

delenie (dYelenYYe) 
DO, cinit'- (chinitY), robit' (ro- 

bitY) 
DOCTOR, lekar (lekAr) m., dok- 

tor (doktor) m. 
DOCUMENT, listina (listYina) f. 
DOG, pes (pes) m. 
DOLLAR, dollar (dolllr) m. 
DONATE, darovat' (darovatY) v. 
DOOR, dvere (dvere) pi. f. 
DOSE, davka (dlvka) f. 
DOUBT, pochybovat' (poXibo- 

vatY) v. 



DOUTBLESS, bez pochyby (bez 

poXibi) 
DOWN, dolu (dolu) adv. 
DOZEN, tucet (tutset) m. 
DRESS, saty (shati) pi. f. 
DRESS, upravit' (upravitY) v., u- 

strojit' (ustroYitY) v. 
DRILL, vrtat' (vRtatY) v., cvicit' 

(tsvishitY) v. 
DRINK, pit' (pity) v. 
DROP, kvapka (kvapka) s. f. 
DRUG, liek (lYYek) m. 
DRUNK, opity (opitee) a. 
DRY, suchy (suXee) a. 
DUE, prislusny (preeslushnee) a., 

splatny (splatnee) a., povin- 

ny (povinnee) a. 
DUE, poplatok (poplatok) m., pri- 

spevok (preespevok) m. 
DULL, necinny (nYechinnee) a., 

tupy (tupee) a. 
DURABLE, trvaci (trvltsi) a. 
DURING, pocas (pochas) prep. 
DUST, prach (praX) m. 
DYE, barva (barva) f. 
DUTY, povinnost' (povinnostY) f. 

E 

EACH, kazdy (kazYdee) a. 

EAGLE, orol (orol) m. 

EAR, ucho (uXo) n. 

EARLY, skoro (skoro) adv. 

EARN, zarobif (zarobitY) v. 

EARTH, zem (zem) f. 

EASTER, Verka noc (velYkA 

nots) f. 
EASY, l'ahky (lYahkee) a. 
EAT, jest' (YestY) v. 
EDUCATION, vzdelanie (vzdYe- 

lanYYe) n. 
EFFECT, vysledok (veesledok) 

m., ucinok (oochinok) m. 
EGG, vajco (vaYtso) n. 



116 



EIGHT, osem (osem) 

EITHER, jeden abo druhy (Yeden 

abo druhee) 
ELECTION, volTba (volYba) f. 
ELECTRICITY, elektrika (elekt- 

rika) f. 
ELEVEN, jedonast' (YedonAstY) 
ELSE, inak (inak) adv. 
END, konec (konYets) m. 
ENEMY, nepriatel' (nYeprYa- 

tYelY) m. 
ENERGETIC, razny (rAznee) a. 
ENOUGH, dost' (dostY) 
ENTERTAINMENT, zabava (zA- 

bava) f. 
ENTIRE, cely (tselee) a. 
ENTRANCE, vstup (vstup) m., 

vchod (vXod) m. 
ENVY, zavist' (zAvistY) s. 
EQUIP, vystrojit' (vistroYitY) v. 
ESCAPE, ujst' (uYstY), utiect' 

(utYYetstY) v. 
ESPECIALLY, zvlaste (zvll- 

shtYe) adv. 
ESTEEM, vazit' (vlzYitY) v., 

ctit' (tstYitY) v. 
ETERNAL, vecny (vechnee) a. 
EVE, EVENING, vecer (vecher) 

m. 
EVENT, udalost' (udalostY) f. 
EVER, niekdy (nYYekdy) ; vzdy 

(vzYdi) adv. 
EVERY, kazdy (kazYdee) a. 
EVIL, zlo (zlo) s. n. 
EXAMINE, zkusat' (zkooshatY) v. 
EXCEPT, vyjmuc (viYmoots), o- 

krem (okrem) 
EXPECT, ocakavat' (ochakAvatY) 
EXTERNAL, zovnutorny (zovnoo- 

tornee) a. 
EXTRACT, vyfah (veetYah) m. 
EYE, oko (oko) n. 



FACE, tvar (tvlr) f. 

FACT, skutocnost' (skutochnostY) 

f., fakt (fakt) m. 
FAITH, viera (vYera) f. 
FALL, pad (pAd) m. 
FALL, padntit' (padnootY) v. 
FALSE, falosny ,faloshnee) a. 
FAMILY, rodina (rodYina) f., fa- 

milia (fameeli-a) f. 
FAR, d'aleko (dYaleko) adv. 
FAST, upevnit' (upevnYitY) v. 
FAT, mast (mastY) s. f. 
FAT, tlsty (tlstee) a., tucny (tuck- 
nee) a. 
FAULT, chyba (Xiba) f. 
FEBRUARY, februar (februlr) 

m. 
FEE, poplatok (poplatok) m., ho- 

norar ( honor Ar) m. 
FEEL, citit' (tseetYitY) v. 
FEW, niekol'ko (nYYekolYko) 

adv. 
FIGHT, bitka (bitka) s. f. 
FIGURE, figura (figoora) f. 
FILL, naplnit' (naplnYitY) v. 
FINE, pokuta (pokuta) f. 
FINGER, prst (prst) m. 
FIRST, prvy (prvee) a. 
FIVE, pat' (pAtY) 
FLOUR, nmka (mooka) f. 
FLY, mucha (muXa) f. 
FOOL, blazon (blAzon) m. 
FOOT, noba (noha) f. 
FOR, za (za), pre (pre) prep. 
FORCE, sila (sila) f., moc (mots) 

f. 
FOREIGN, cudzi (tsudzee) a. 
FORGET, zabudnut' (zabudnootY) 

v. 
FORTUNE, st'astie (shtYastYYe) 

n. 
FREE, slobodny (slobodnee) a. 



117 — 



FRESH, sviezi (svYezYee) a., cer- 

stvy (cherstvee) a. 
FRIDAY, piatok (pYatok) m. 
FRIEND, priatel' (prYatYelY) m. 
FRIGHTEN, strasit' (strashitY) v. 
FROM, od (od), z (z) prep. 
FRONT, predok (predok) s. m. 
FRUIT, ovocie (ovots-Ye) n. 
FULL, piny (plnee) a. 
FURNITURE, nabytok (nlbitok) 

m. 
FUTURE, buduci (budootsi) a. 

G 

GAIN, ziskat' (zeeskatY) v. 
GALLON, galon (galOn) m. 
GAME, hra (lira) f. ; zver (zver) f. 
GARDEN, zahrada (zahrada) f. 
GAS, gaz (gAz) m., plyn (plin) m. 
GATE, brana (brlna) f. 
GENERAL, vseobecny (vsheobets- 

nee) a. 
GET, dostat' (dostatY) v. 
GIFT, dar (dar) m. 
GIRL, dievca (dYYevcha) n. 
GIVE, dat' (clatY) v. 
GLASS, sklo (sklo) n. 
GLORY, slava (sllva) f. 
GO, 1st 7 (eestY) v. 
GOD, Boh (boh) m. 
GOLD, zlato (zlato) n. 
GOOD, dobry (dobree) a. 
GOSPEL, evanjelium (evanYe- 

lium) n. 
GOVERNMENT, vlada (vllda) f. 
GRACE, milost' (milostY) f. 
GRADUALLY, postupne (postup- 

nYe) adv. 
GRAND, vel'ky (velYkee) a., vzne- 

seny (vznYeshenee) a. 
GRASS, trava (trlva) f. 
GREAT, vel'ky (velYkee) a. 
GREEN, zeleny (zelenee) a. 



GREET, pozdravit' ,pozdravitY) 
GROUND, poda (pWOda) f., zem 

(zem) f. 
GUEST, host' (hostY) m. 



HABIT, zvyk (zvik) m. 

HAIL MARY, zdravas Maria 

(zdravas mAri-a) 
HAIR, vlasy (vlasi) pi. 
HALF, pol (pol) 
HALL, sien (s-YeriY) f., halla 

(halla) 
HAM, sunka (shunka) f. 
HAND, ruka (ruka) f. 
HAPPEN, stat' sa (statY sa) vr. 
HAPPY, blazeny (blazYenee) a. 
HARD, tvrdy (tvrdee) a., t'azky 

(tYazYkee) a. 
HAT, klobuk (klobook) m. 
HATE, nenavist (nYenlvistY) f. 
HAVE, mat' (matY) v. 
HE, on (on) 

HEALTHY, zdravy (zdravee) a. 
HEAR, cut' (chutY) v., slysat' (sli- 

shatY) v. 
HEART, srdce (srdtse) n. 
HEAVY, t'azky (tYazYkee) a. 
HELL, peklo (peklo) n. 
HELP, pomoc (pomots) s. f. 
HER, jej (YeY), ju (Yu) 
HERE, tu (tu) 

HESITATE, vahat' (vlhatY) v. 
HIGH( vysoky (visokee) a. 
HILL, kopec (kopets) m., vrch 

(vrX) m. 
HIRE, najat' (naYatY) v. 
HIS, jeho (Yeho). 
HIT, udret' (udretY) v. 
HOLD, drzat (drzYatY) v. 
HOLY, svaty (svAtee) a. 
HONEST, statocny (statochnee) a. 
HOPE, nadej (nldYeY) f. 



118 



HORSE, kon (kWOnY) m. 
HOT, hortici (horootsi) a. 
HOUR, hodina (hodYina) f. 
HOUSE, dom (dom) m. 
HUMAN, l'udsky (lYudskee) a. 
HUNDRED, sto (sto) 
HUNGRY, hladny ,hladnee) a. 
HURT, bolest' (bolestY) f. ; ublizit' 

(ubleezYitY) v. 
HUSBAND, muz (muzY), manzel 

(manzYel) m. 



I, ja (Ya) 

ICE, Tad (lYad) m. 

IDEA, myslienka (mishlYenka) f., 

idea (idea) f. 
IDLE, lenivy (lenYivee) a. 
IF, jestli (Yestli), jak (Yak) 
ILL, chory (Xoree) a. 
IMMEDIATE, okamzity (okam- 

zYitee) a. 
IMMORAL, nemravny (nYemrav- 

nee) a. 
IMPOSSIBLE, nemozny (nYe- 

mozYnee) a. 
IMPROVE, polepsit' (polepshitY) 

v. 
IN, v (v), vo (vo), do (do) prep. 
INCH, palec (palets) m. 
INCOME, prijem (preeYem) m. 
INDEED, opravdu (opravdu), na- 

ozaj (naozaY) 
INFLUENCE, vliv (vliv) m. 
INK, cernidlo (chernYidlo) n. 
INSCRIPTION, napis (nipis) m. 
INSIDE, dnu (dnu), vimtri (vnoo- 

tri) adv. 
INSTANTLY, okamzite (okamzYi- 

tYe) 
INSTITUTION, ustav (oostav) m. 
INSURANCE, poistenie (poistYe- 

nYYe) n. 



INTELLIGENT, rozumny (roz- 

umnee) a. 
INTEREST, uroky (ooroki) pi. f.j 

inter es (interes) m. 
INTO, do (do) prep. 
IRON, zelezo (zYelYezo) n. 
IT, to (to), ono (ono) 



JAIL, vazenie (vAzenYYe) n. 

JANUARY, januar (YanuAr) m. 

JEW, zid (zYidj m. 

JOB, praca (prAtsa) f. 

JOHN, Jan (Yin), Jano (Yano) 

JOKE, zart (zYart) m. 

JOSEPH, Jozef (Yozef), Jozko 

(YozYko) 
JOY, radost' ,radostY) f. 
JUDGE, sudif (sooditY) v. 
JULY, Jul (Yool) m. 
JUNE, jun (Yoon) m. 
JUNIOR, mladsi (mladshee) a. 
JURY, porota (porota) f. 
JUST, spravedlivy (spravodlivee) 

a., pravy (pravee) a. 



KEEN, ostry (ostree) a. 
KEEP, drzaf (drzYatY) v. 
KEY, kl'uc (klYooch) m. 
KICK, kopat' (kopaty) v. 
KILL, zabit' (zabitY) v. 
KIND, druh (druh) s. m. 
KIND, laskavy (liskavee) a. 
KING, kral' (kralY) m. 
KISS, bozk (bozk) m. 
KITCHEN, kuchyna (kuXinYa) 

f. 
KNEE, koleno (koleno) n. 
KNIFE, noz (nWOzY) m. 
KNOCK, klopat (klopatY) v. 
KNOW, znat' (znatY), vedet' (ve- 

dYetY) v. 



119 



LABOR, praca (prAtsa) f. 
LABORER, robotnik (robot- 

nYeek) m. 
LADY, pani (panYi), dama (dA- 

ma) f. 
LAME, chromy (Xromee) a. 
LAND, poda (pWOda) f., zem 

(zem) f. 
LANGUAGE, rec (rech) f., jazyk 

(Yazik) m. 
LARD, sadlo (sadlo) n. smalec 

(shmalets) m. 
LARGE, vel'ky (velYkee) a. 
LAST, posledny (poslednee) a. 
LATE, pozde (pozdYe) adv. 
LAUGH, smiech (smYeX) m. 
LAUGH, smiat' sa (smYatY sa) vr. 
LAUNDRY, pralna (prllnYa) f. 
LAW, zakon (zAkon) m. 
LAWYER, fiskal (fishkil) m. 
LAZY, lenivy (lenYivee) a. 
LEAD, olovo (olovo) s. n. 
LEADER, vodca (vodtsa) m. 
LEARN, ucit' sa (uchitY sa) vr. 
LEFT l'avy (lYavee) a. 
LEG, noha (noha) f. 
LEMON, citron (tsitrOn) m. 
LESS, menej (menYeY) adv. 
LESSON, uloha (ooloha) f., lekcia 

(lektsi-a) f. 
LET, nechat' (nYeXatY) v. 
LETTER, list (list) ; litera (lite- 

ra)f. 
LIBERTY, svoboda (svoboda) f. 
LICENCE, dovoknie (dovolYe- 

nYYe) n. 
LIE, loz (lozY) s. f. 
LIFE, zivot (zYivot) m. 
LIGHT, svetlo (svetlo) s. n. 
LIGHT, Tahky (lYabkee) a. 
LIKE, jak (Yak), jako (Yako) 
LIKE, mat' rad (matY rid) v. 



LINE, ciara (chYara) f. 
LIQUID, tekuty (tYekutee) a. 
LITTLE, maly (malee) a. 
LITTLE, male- (mllo) adv. 
LIVE, zit' (zYitY) v., byvat' (bee- 

vatY) v. 
LOCAL, miestny (mYestnee) a. 
LOOK, pozret' (pozretY) v. 
LOSE, ztratit' (ztratYitY) v. 
LOVE, milovat' (milovatY) v. 
LOW, nizky (nYeezkee) a. 
LUCK, st'astie (shtYastYYe) n. 

M 

MACHINE, stroj (stroY) m., ma- 

sina (mashina) f. 
MAID, MAIDEN, dievka (dYYev- 

ka) f., panna (panna) f. 
MAIN, hlavny (hlavnee) a. 
MAKE, robit' (robitY) v. 
MAN, clovek (chlovek), muz 

(muzY) m. 
MANAGER, spravca (sprAvtsa) 

m. 
MANNER, sposob (spWOsob) m. 
MANY, mnohi (mnobee) 
MANY, mnoho (mnoho) adv. 
MARCH, marec (marets) m. 
MARK, znak (znak) m. 
MARK, znacit' (znacbitY) v. 
MARRIED, zenaty (zYenatee) m. 
MARRIED, vydata (vidatl) f. 
MASS, mnozstvo (mnozYstvo) n. 
MASS, omsa (omsba) f. 
MASTER, majster (maYster) s. m. 
MATCH, zapalka (zlpalka) 1, 

sirka (sirka) f. 
MATERIAL, material (materi-Al) 

m. 
MATERIAL, hmotny (hmotnee) 

a. 
MATTER, vec (vets) f. 
MAY (month), maj (mAY) m. 



— 120 — 



MAY, moct' (mWOtstY) v., smef 

(smetY) v. 
MEAL, jedlo (Yedlo) n. 
MEANS, sposob (spWOsob) m. 
MEASUEE, miera (mYYera) f. 
MEASURE, merat (meratY) v. 
MEETING, schodza (sXWOdza) f. 
MEMBER, tid (ood) m., clen 

(chlen) m. 
MEMORY, pamat' (pamltY) f. 
MENTION, spomnut' (spom- 

nootY) v. 
MERE, ptihy (poohi) a., ciry 

(cheeri) a. 
MIDDLE, stredny (strednee) a. 
MIGHT, moc (mots) f. 
MILL, mlyn (mlin) m. 
MIND, mysel' (miselY) f., pamat' 

(pamltY) f. 
MINER, banik (banYeek) m. 
MINUTE, minuta (minuta) f. 
MISTAKE, chybit' (XibitY) v, 
MODEST, skromny (skromnee) a. 
MONEY, peniaze (penYYaze) pi. 
MONTH, mesiac (mes-Yats) m. 
MOON, mesiac (mes-Yats) m. 
MORE, viae (vYats) comp. 
MOTHER, matka (matka) f. 
MUCH, vera (velYa), mnoho 

(mnoho) 
MUD, blato (blato) n. 
MUST, nmset' (musetY) v. 

N 

NAME, meno (meno) n. 
NATION, narod (nlrod) m. 
NATURE, priroda (preeroda) f. 
NEAR, blizo (bleezo) adv. 
NEAT, cisty (chistee) a., pekny 

(peknee) a. 
NECK, krk (krk) m. 
NEED, potrebovat (potrebovatY) 



NEGLECT, zanedbat' (zanYed- 

batY) v. 
NEIGHBOR, sused (soosed) m., 

blizny (blizYnee) a. 
NEITHER, ziadny (zYadnee) a. 
NERV, nerv (nerv) m., cuv (chuv) 

m. 
NEVER, nikdy (nYikdi) adv. 
NEW, novy (novee) a. 
NEWSPAPER, noviny (novini) 

pi. f. 
NEXT, nasledovny (nasledovnee) 

a. 
NICE, pekny (peknee) a. 
NIGHT, noc (nots) f. 
NINE, devat' (dYevltY) 
NOINie! (nYYe)! 
NOISE, hluk (hluk) m. 
MONSENSE, nesmysel (nYesmi- 

sel) m. 
NOR, ani (anYi) 
NOSE, nos (nos) m. 
NOTE, nota (nOta) f. 
NOTICE, oznamenie (ozname- 

nYYe) n. 
NOTHING, nic (nYich) 
NOW, teraz (teraz),vcur(vchulY) 
NOWHERE, nikde (nYikdYe) 
NUMBER, cislo (cheeslo) n. 
NUT, orech (oreX) m. 



OATH, prisalia (preesaha) f. 
OBEY, posluchat' (poslooXatY) v. 
OBJECT, predmet (predmet) s. m. 
OBSERVE, pozorovat (pozoro- 

vatY) v. 
OBSTACLE, prekazka (prekizY- 

ka) f. 
OF, od (od), zo (zo) prep. 
OFFEND, urazit (urazitY) v. 
OFFICE, uradoviia (ooradovnYa), 

f., lirad (oorad) m. 



— 121 



OFTEN, casto (chasto) adv. 
OIL, olej (oleY) m. 
OLD, stary (staree) a. 
ON, na (na), pri (pri) prep. 
ONCE, raz (raz) 
ONE, jeden (Yeden) 
ONLY, leu (len) adv. 
OPEN, otvorit' (otvoritY) v. 
OPINION, mienka (mYenka) f. 
OR, alebo (alYebo), abo (abo) 
ORDER, poriadok (porYadok) m. 
OTHER, iny (inee) a., druhy (dru- 

hee) a. 
OUT, von (von) 
OUTSIDE , von (von), vonku 

(vonku) 
OVER, nad (nad), na (na) prep. 
OVERCOME, premoct' (pre- 

mWOtstY) v. 
OWN, vlastny (vlastnee) a. 
OWN, vlastnit' (vlastnYitY) v. 



PAIN, bolest' (bolYestY) f. 
PAINT, barvit' (barvitY) v. 
PALE, bl'ady (blYadee) a. 
PAPER, papier (papYer) m. 
PARISH, farnost' (farnostY) f., 

osada (osada) f. 
PART, delit' (dYelitY) v. 
PARTY, strana (strana) f. 
PAST, minuly (minulee) a. 
PATIENT, trpezlivy (trpezlivee) 

a. 
PAY, platit' (platYitY) v. 
PEACE, pokoj (pokoY) m. 
PENN, pero (pero) n. 
PENCIL (LEAD-), ceruza (tse- 

ruza) f. 
PEOPLE, Tud (lYud) m., l'udia 

(lYudYYa) pi. 
PERFECT, dokonaly (dokonalee) 

a. 



PERMIT, dovolit' (dovolitY) v. 

PERSON, osoba (osoba) f. 

PICTURE, obraz (obraz) m. 

PIECE, kus (kus) m. 

PIPE, fajka (faYka) f. 

PIT, jama (Yama) f., dol (dol) m. 

PITY, l'utovat' (lYutovatY) v. 

PLAN, plan (plAn) m. 

PLAY, hra (hra) s. f. 

PLEASE, Mbit' sa (lYoobitY sa) 

vr. ; prosit' (prositY) 
POOR, chudobny (Xudobnee) a. 
POST OFFICE, posta (poshta) f. 
POUND, funt (funt) s. m. 
PRACTICE, cvik (tsvik) m. 
PRESENT, dar (dar) s. m. 
PRESENT, pritomny (preetom- 

nee) a. 
PRICE, cena (tsena) f. 
PROFIT, zisk (zisk) m. 
PROOF, dokaz (dWOkaz) m. 
PURE, cisty (chistee) a. 
PUT, polozit' (polozYitY), dat! 

(datY) v. 

Q 

QUALITY, jakost' (YakostY) f. 
QUARREL, zvada (zvada) f. 
QUESTION, otazka (otlzka) f. 
QUICK, rychly (reeXli) a. 



RAIN, dazd' (dAzYdY) m. 
RATE, cena (tsena) s. pomer (po- 

mer) m. 
RAW, surovy (surovee) a. 
READ, citat' (cheetatY) v. 
READY, hotovy (hotovee) a. 
REALLY, skutocne (skutochnYe) 

adv. 
RECEIVE, prijat? (priYatY) v. 
RED, cerveny (chervenee) a. 
REFUSE, odopre^ (odopretY) v. 



— 122 



REMEMBER, pamatat (pamA- 

tatY) v. 
RENT, najom (nAYom) m., byt- 

ne (bitnE) n. 
REST, pokoj (pokoY) m., odpo- 

cinok (odpochinok) m. 
RICH, bohaty (bohatee) a. 
RIGHT, pravy (pravee) a. 
RIPE, zraly (zralee) a. 
ROAD, cesta (tsesta) f. 
ROCK, skala (skala) f. 
ROPE, povraz (povraz) m. 
RUIN, zkazif (zkazitY) v. 

S 

SAD, smutny (smutnee) a. 
SAFE, bezpecny (bezpechnee) a. 
SALE, predaj (predaY) m. 
SALT, soT (soly) f. 
SAME, samy (samee) a. 
SAY, povedat' (povedatY) v. 
SCHOOL, skola (chkola) f. 
SCIENCE, veda (veda) f, 
SEASON, doba (doba) f. 
SECRET, tajny (taYnee) a. 
SECTION, cast' (chastY) f., oddiel 

(oddYYel) m. 
SECURITY, zaruka (zAruka) f. 
SEE, videt' (vidYetY) v. 
SELECT, vybrat' (vibratY) v. 
SELDOM, zriedka (zrYedka) adv. 
SELL, predat' (predatY) v. 
SEND, poslat' (poslatY) v. 
SENSE, cit (tsit) m., rozum (roz- 

um) m. 
SEPARATE, oddelit' (oddYelitY) 

v. 
SERIOUS, vazny (vAzYnee) a. 
SERMON, kazen (kAzenY) f. 
SERVANT, sluha (sluha) m., sluz- 

ka (sluzYka) f. 
SERVE, sluzit' (sloozYitY) v. 
SERVICE, sluzba (sluzYba) f. 



SEVEN, sedem (sedYem) 

SEX, rod (rod) m. ; pohlavie (po- 

hlavYe) n. 
SHAKE, triast' (trYastY) v. 
SHARP, ostry (ostree) a. 
SHE, ona (ona) 
SHEET, harok (hArok) m. ; plach- 

ta (plaXta) f. 
SHIP, lod (lodY) f. 
SHOE, topanka (topAnka) f. 
SHOP, dielna (dYYelnYa) f. 
SHOW, ukazat? (uklzatY) v. 
SHOW, divadlo (dYivadlo) s. n. 
SICK, chory (Xoree) a. 
SIDE, strana (strana) f. 
SIGN, napis (nApis) m. 
SIGN, podpisaf (podpeesatY) v. 
SILENCE, ticbo (tiXo) n. 
SILK, hodbab (hodbib) m. 
SILVER, striebro (strYebro) s. n. 
SIN, hriech,(hrYeX) m. 
SINCE, od (od) prep. 
SINCERE, uprinmy (ooprimnee) 

a. 
SINGER, spevak (spevAk) m. 
SIT, sedef (sedYetY) v. 
SITUATION, stav (stav) m. 
SIX, sest' (shestY) 
SIZE, vel'kost' (velYkostY) f. 
SKIN, koza (kozYa) f., "skura" 

(skura) f. 
SLAVE, otrok (otrok) m. 
SLEEP, spat' (spatY) v. 
SMALL, maly (malee) a. 
SMOKE, dym (dim) m. 
SMOKE, fajcit' (faYchitY) v. 
SNOW, suah (snYah) m. 
SO, tak (tak) 

SOBER, triezlivy (trYezlivee) a. 
SOFT, makky (mlkkee) a. 
SOLDIER, vojak (voYak) m. 
SOMEBODY, niekto (nYYekto), 

dakto (dakto) 



123 — 



SOMEWHERE, niekde (nYYe- 

kdYe) 
SONG, pieseii (pYesenY) f. 
SOON, skoro (skoro) 
SOUL, dusa (dusha) f. 
SOUND, zdravy (zdravee) a. 
SOUR, kysly (kislee) a. 
SPACE, priestor (prYestor) m. 
SPARK, iskra (iskra) f. 
SPEAK, hovorit' (hovoritY) v. 
START, zacat' (zachatY) v. 
STATE, stat (shtAt) m. 
STATION, stanica (stanYitsa) f. 
STEADY, staly (stllee) a. 
STEAL, kradnut' (kradnootY) v. 
STEEL, ocel' (otselY) f. 
STEP, krok (krok) s. m. 
STORE, obchod (obXod) m. 
STRAIGHT, rovny (rovnee) a. 
STRONG, silny (silnee) a. 
STRUGGLE, zapas (zlpas) m., 

boj (boY) m. 
SUCH, taky (takee) a. 
SUDDEN, nahly (nAhlee) a. 
SUGAR, cukor (tsukor) m. 
SUM, obnos (obnos) m. 
SUN, slnko (slnko) n. 
SUNDAY, nedel'a (nYedYelYa) f. 
SUPPLY, zasoba (zlsoba) f. 
SUPPORT, podpora (podpora) f. 
SURE, isty (istee) a. 
SWEET, sladky (sladkee) a. 



TABLE, stol (stWOl) m. 
TAKE, brat' (bratY), vziat' 

(vzYatY) v. 
TALK, hovorit' (hovoritY) v. 
TASTE, vkus (vkus) m., chut' 

(XutY) f. 
TAX, dan (danY) f. 
TEA, caj (chaY) m. 
TEACH, -ucit' (uchitY) v. 



TEACHER, ucitel' (uchitelY) m., 

ucitel'ka (uchitelYka) f. 
TELL, povedat' (povedatY) v. 
TEN, desat? (dYesatY) 
TEST, zkuska (zkooslika) s. f. 
THAN, nez (nYezY), ako (ako) 
THANK, d'akovat' (dYakovatY) v. 
THEATRE, divadlo (dYivadlo) n. 
THERE, tarn (tarn) 
THICK, lmsty (hustee) a. 
THIN, tenky (tYenkee) a. 
THINK, myslet' (misletY) v. 
THIS, tento (tento) 
THOUGH,^ bars (blrs), trebars 

(trebArs) 
THROAT, hrdlo (hrdlo) n. 
THROW, hodit' (hodYitY) v. 
THURSDAY, stvrtok (shtvrtok) 

m. 
TICKET, listok (leestok) m. 
TILL, do (do) prep. 
TO, ku (ku), do (do) prep. 
TOBACCO, tabak (tablk) m. 
TO-DAY, dnes (dnYes) 
TOGETHER, spolu (spolu) 
TO-MORROW, zajtra (zaYtra) 
TONGUE, jazyk (Yazik) m. 
TOO, vel'mi (velYmi), tiez 

(tYYezY) 
TOOTH, zub (zub) m. 
TOP, vreh (vrX) m., vrchol 

(vrXol) m. 
TOTAL, celok (tselok) m. 
TOUCH, dotkimt' sa (dotknootY 

sa) vr. 
TOWARD, ku (ku) 
TOWN, mestecko (mestYechko) 

n., obec (obets) f. 
TOY, hracka (hrachka) f. 
TRADE, obchod (obXod) m., re- 

meslo (remeslo) n. 
TRAIN, vlak (vlak) m. 
TRAITOR, zradca (zdratsa) m. 



— 124 



TRAMP, tulak (tulAk) m. 
TRANSCRIPTION, prepis (pre- 

pis) m. 
TRANSFER, preniest? (pre- 

nYYestY) v. 
TRANSLATE, prelozit' (prelo- 

zYitY) v. 
TRANSLATION, preklad (pre- 

klad) m. 
TRAP, pasca (pastsa) f. 
TRAVEL, cestovat' (tsestovatY) 

v. 
TREASURE, poklad (poklad) m. 
TREATY, smluva (smluva) f. 
TREE, strom (strom) m. 
TRICK, klamat' (klamatY) v. 
TRIFLE, malickost' (malich- 

kostY) f. 
TRIP, cesta (tsesta) f. 
TROUBLE, balamuta (balamuta) 

f. 
TRUE, pravy (pravee) a. 
TRY, probovat' (probovatY) v., 

zkusat' (zkooshatY) v. 
TURN, tocit' (tocWtY) v. 
TWO, dva (dva) m., dve (dve) 

in. 



UGLY, skaredy (shkaredee) a. 
UMBRELLA, dazdnik (dlzYd- 

nYik) m. 
UNDER, pod (pod) prep. 
UNDERGO, podstupit' (podstoo- 

pitY) v. 
UNDERTAKE, podniknut' (pod- 

nYiknootY) v. 
UNEVEN, nerovny (nYerovnee) 

a. 
UNION, jednota (Yednota) f., u- 

nia (TJni-a) f. 
UNITED, spojeny (spoYenee) a. 
UNTIL, az do (azY do) prep. 



UP, hore (hore) 

UPON, na (na) prep. 

USE, uzivat (uzYeevatY) v. 

USEFUL, uzitocny (uzYitochnee) 

a. 
USUAL, obycajny (obichaYnee) a. 



VAIN, marny (marnee) a. 

VALUABLE, cenny (tsennee) a. 

VALUE, cenit' (tsenYitY) v. 

VARIOUS, rozlicny (rozlichnee) 
a. 

VAST, ohromny (ohromnee) a. 

VEIN, zila (zYila) f. 

VENGEANCE, pomsta (pomsta) f. 

VERDICT, vyrok (veerok) m. 

VERY, vel'mi (velymi) 

VICTIM, obet' (obetY) f. 

VIOLATION, zrusenie (zrushe- 
nYYe) n., prestupenie ( pre- 
sto openYYe) n. 

VIOLENT, prudky (prudkee) a., 
nasilny (nAsilnee) a. 

VIRGIN, panna (panna) f. 

VISIT, navsteva (nAvshtYeva) f. 

VISIT, navstivit (navshYteevitY) 
v. 

VOICE, Was (Was) m. 

VOTE, Wasovat' (WasovatY) v. 

W 

WAGES, plat (plat) m., mzda 

(mzda) f. 
WAIST, driek (drYek) m. 
WAIT, cakat' (chakatY) v. 
WALK, chodit (XodYitY) v. 
WALL, stena (stYena) f. 
WANT, chcet' (XtsetY) v., potre- 

bovat (potrebovatY) v. 
WAR, vojna (voYna) f. 
WARM, teply (tYeplee) a. 



125 



WARN, napomenut' (napome- 

nootY) v. 
WARRANT, zatykac (zatokach) 

m. 
WASH, pratl (pratY) v. 
WATCH, hodinky (hodYinki) 

pi. f. 
WATCH, strazit' (strAzYitY) v. 
WATER, voda (voda) f. 
WAVE, vlna (vlna) f. 
WAY, cesta (tsesta) f. 
WE, my (mi) 
WEAK, slaby (slabee) a. 
WEATHER, pocasie (pochas-Ye) 

n. 
WEDNESDAY, streda (streda) f. 
WEEK, tyzden (teezYdYenY) m. 
WEIGH, vazit' (vAzYitY) v. 
WELCOME, vitany (veetanee) a. 
WELL, studiia (studnYa) f. 
WELL, dobre (dobre) adv. 
WET, mokry (mokree) a. 
WHAT, co (cho) 

WHEN, kedy (kedi), ked' (kedY) 
WHERE, kde (kdYe) 
WHETHER, ci (chi) 
WHICH, ktory (ktoree) a. 
WHILE, chvil'a (XveelYa) s. f. 
WHIP, bic (bich) m. 
WHITE, biely (bYYeli) a. 
WHO, kto (kto) 
WHY, preco (precho) 
WIDOW, vdova (vdova) f. 



WIFE, zena (zYena) f., manzelka 

(manzYelka) f. 
WILD, divy (dYivee) a. 
WIN, vyhrat' (vihratY) v. 
WIND, vietor (vYetor) m. 
WINDOW, okno (okno) n. 
WIRE, drot (drOt) s. m. 
WISE, mtidry (moodree) a. 
WISH, priat' (prYatY) v., zelaU 

(zYelatY) v. 
WITH, s (s), so (so) prep. 
WITHOUT, bez (bez) prep. 
WOMAN, zena (zYena) f. 
WOOD, drevo (drevo) n. 
WORD, slovo (slovo) n. 
WORK, praca (prAtsa) f. 
WOUND, rana (rana) s. f. 
WOUND, ranit' (ranYitY) v. 
WRITE, pisat' (peesatY) v. 



y 

(Yard) 



m., dvor 



YARD, yard 

(dvor) m. 
YEAR, rok (rok) m. 
YELLOW, zlty (zYltee) a. 
YET, este (eshtYe), predsa (pred- 

sa) 
YOU, vy (vi) 
YOUNG, mlady (mladee) a. 



ZEALOUS, horlivy (horlivee) a. 
ZERO, nulla (nulla) f., nicka 
(nYichka) f. 




CONTENTS 



Page 
PART I 

Slovak alphabet 2 

The sound of the letters 2 

Diphthongs 4 

Accent 4 

The consonants d, t, 1, n 4 

Seldom used letters 5 

Pronunciation of words 5 

PART n Conversations 7 

Easy Expressions 7 

Expressions of time 10 

On the street 11 

On the street car 12 

For the railway 13 

At the Post Office 14 

Work 16 

In the hotel 18 

At breakfast 18 

At dinner 19 

At supper 19 

In the evening 19 

Steamship 20 

With the contractor 21 

At electric and plumbing Co 22 

About insurance 23 

At the office of the Notary Public 23 

At the bank 24 

At the grocery store 25 

At the meat market 26 

At the dairy 27 

Dry goods 27 

At the shoe store 29 

At the jeweler 30 

Hardware 30 



Page 

Furniture 31 

With the lawyer 31 

Washerwoman 33 

At the dentist 33 

With the doctor 34 

At the parsonage 35 

With the undertaker 37 

About the Slovak language 37 

Cardinal numerals 39 

Ordinal numerals 40 

Multiplicative numerals 41 

Adverbial numerals 41 

PART III Grammar 

Division of words into syllables. . 42 

Rules for gender 42 

Declension of masculine nouns 43 

Declension of feminine nouns 44 

Declension of neuter nouns 46 

Declension of adjectives 47 

Comparative and superlative 49 

Declension of (personal) pronouns 50 

Prepositions 55 

Conjunctions 56 

Adverbs commonly used 56 

Interjections 57 

Conjugation 58 

Conjugation of irregular verbs 87 

Impersonal verbs 92 

Negative verbs 92 

Syntax 92 

Rules for orthography 93 

PART IV 

Slovak and English vocabulary. . . 96 
English and Slovak vocabulary. . .110 



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